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Oct 1, 1454
Johan Gutenburg prints the Gutenburg bible.
Johan Gutenburg invented the printed press around 1440. When he printed the bible it allowed more people to read the bible for themselves. Therefore literacy rates increased and people became less dependent on local clergy. -
Period: Nov 1, 1474 to
The Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Government forced out anyone who wasn't Catholic. In addition, they hunted down heretics. This set up Spain as the pure Catholic country through out history. -
Period: Aug 1, 1485 to
The Reign of the Tudors
The Tudors were a royal house of England. The most famous Tudors are Henry VII, Bloody Mary, and Queen Elizabeth the first. The royal house took control when Henry VII took the throne. He passed the crown to his son Henry VIII; who forever changed England by creating the Anglican church. Their family tree ended when Elizabeth died without an heir. -
Feb 1, 1488
Africa Ends!
Bartholomew Dias discovered the Cape of Good hope while trying to make it around Africa. This allowed the Portuguese to sail around Africa towards the spice islands. -
Oct 1, 1492
Columbus discovers the New World
The Spanish Empire was behind the Portuguese. The Portuguese had found a naval path to the spice islands. The Spanish sent Columbus west in order to discover a new way to get to the spice islands. -
Jun 7, 1494
The Treaty of Tordesillas
This was a treaty between Catholic Spain and Catholic Portugal. The pope drew a line on the map and said everything to the west was Spanish and everything to the east was Portuguese. This sparked Ferdinand Magellan's journey to prove that everything was west of the line of demarcation. -
Dec 10, 1510
Admiral de Albuquerque captures Goa
Portuguese Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque captures the port of Goa in India. This served as a jumping-off point and a trading center for the Portuguese. -
Oct 1, 1512
Michelangelo Finishes Painting the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo was a famous artist who painted and sculpted different pieces. The Sistine Chapel is a chapel in the Vatican. Michelangelo took four years to paint it. The painting there are considered marvels of the renaissance. -
Sep 25, 1513
There is another ocean???
Vasco Nunez de Balboa was a Spanish explorer who set out to find how wide the Americas were. He landed on the thinnest part of the continent, Panama. He was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther postes the 95 thesis.
Martin Luther tacked 95 complaints with the Catholic church. He started a new religion. This also started the Protestant reformation. -
Jun 29, 1520
Montezuma's Death
Hernan Cortes arrived in Mexico looking to conquer the land. He met the Aztec empire and wanted to take their land. He captured the emperor and used him as a puppet. The people of the Aztec capital threw rocks and stones at their emperor. He was killed by one of these stones. This pathed the way for Spain to conquer this territory. -
May 1, 1521
The Diet of Worms Ended
The Diet of Worms was called by Charles V to try the case of Martin Luther. He was tried and convicted of being a heretic. This lead to Martin Luther being a crimnal in the Holy Roman Empire. it also lead to protestant princes rallying to defeat Charles and the Catholics. -
Jul 1, 1526
Alfonso sends a letter
King Alfonso sent a letter to the king of Portugal. The content of this letter was asking him to stop his people from stealing people from Alfonso's kingdom to be slaves. This shows how African kings didn't condone slavery. -
Nov 1, 1530
Pizarro captures Atahualpa
Fransisco Pizarro was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca empire. He captured the Incan emperor and held him for ransom. He was placed in a room and the only he would be freed is if he filled the room with gold. They paid the ransom, but Pizarro still killed Atahualpa. The Incans all died from Spanish diseases. Pizarro conquered the Incan lands after they all died. -
Feb 1, 1531
Henry VII becomes supreme head of the Church of England
Henry VII denounced the Pope as head of the church. He wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon but was denied. Therefore he split England from the Catholic church. -
Dec 1, 1545
Council of Trent is called
The council of Trent was called by the Pope in order to form a plan. They were planning the counter-reformation. This impacted Europe because it changed the policies in many Catholic countries. -
Jan 1, 1549
The book of Common Prayers is published
Edward VI published a book that laid out the ideals of the Anglican Church. He and Thomas Cranmer wrote and published the book. This cemented Anglican as a religion that was going to survive. -
Sep 1, 1555
The Peace of Augsburg is Signed
Charles V, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, signed a peace deal with protestant princes. This deal allowed heads of bergs to decide if their region would be Catholic or Protestant. This lead to the Protestant reformation taking hold in the area. -
Mar 20, 1556
The Execution of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer
Thomas Cranmer was the Archbishop of Canterbury when Henry started the Anglican Church. He also was the religious man who annulled Henry's marriage to Katherine He played a massive role in helping progress Anglicanism even after Henry VIII died.
His fortune ended when Mary took the throne. She was a devout Catholic and angry that she had been cast out of the royal court. She blamed Thomas Cranmer. He was tortured before being burned at the stake. He is said to have run towards the stake. -
Aug 24, 1572
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
King Henry of Navarre was to be married to a French princess. All of the Huguenot generals were in town for the event. The Catholic queen ordered the assassination of all the protestant leaders. This caused the public to break out in riots. Every day Catholics were murdering their protestant neighbors. -
Feb 1, 1580
He's Not Dead
Sir Francis Drake set out in 1578 and returned to England in 1580. During this trip, he became the first captain to circumnavigate the world. This showed England's naval dominance and would be their legacy. -
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada is sighted on the English Channel. The armada was sent by Philip II to ferry the 30,000 troops in the Netherlands into England. The armada would be defeated in August and England would survive all invasion attempts. -
The Edict of Nantes
Henry of Navarre became the king of France. He was a Calvinist who converted to Catholocism to rule France. The -
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We are in Business
The Dutch East India Company was a trading company that was granted sovereignty. They traded spices and protected their ships. They monopolized different spices and made the Dutch republic a lot of money. -
James VI inherits English Crown
James VI of Scotland took over the English Crown after Elizabeth died. He started the Stewart line in England. He didn't agree with Parliament and failed to recognize their power. -
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The reign of the Stewarts
The Stewart line came into the English crown with James I. The Stewarts were typically Anglican and believed heavily in the divine right of kings. This belief caused problems with parliament and ultimately lead to the English Civil War. The line of Stewarts was interrupted in 1649 when Charles I was executed. The commonwealth fell in 1660 and Charles II was restored as monarch. The Stewarts are known for the English Civil war and their work on developing the English colonies in North America. -
The second defenestration of Prague
The Catholic king of Bavaria was out of town on business leaving two men in charge. The protest in Prague saw this as their chance to overthrow Catholocism in Bavaria. The Protestants threw the two Catholics out the window of a tower. The two men both survived the 16-meter fall by landing in manure. This event sparked the 30 years war. -
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The Thirty Year's War
The Thirty Year's War started as a local conflict in Bavaria and grew into a European war. It became a battle to control the Holy Roman Empire. The two sides were the Catholics and the Protestants. Whoever won would hold all the power of religion in Europe. After years of fighting, nothing changed. The war was ended with the Peace of Westphalia. This peace ended all wars of religion and allowed countries to grow stronger. This also leads to the mighty European empires. -
England Finds the Americas
In 1620 the pilgrims landed on Plymouth rock in Massachusets. They founded another colony in North America and established the new colonies as a place for religious differences. The voyage took 66 days. Plymouth would be the birthplace of the Massachusets bay colony. The main ship that sailed was the Mayflower. -
The root and branch agreement is presented
The Root and Branch agreement was a petition made by parliament. Their goal was to abolish prerogative courts, maintain the power to levy taxes, and gain the right to assemble and disassemble themselves. They were also demanding to be required to meet at least every 3 years. -
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The Reign of Louis XIV
King Louis XIV centralized all power in France. He built the palace at Versailles and used it to centralize power. He threw massive parties every night and spent lots of money. The only reason that France didn't go bankrupt was Jean Baptiste, the finance minister. This reign was seen as the peek of Absolutism. Louis XIV left France in financial ruin. -
Charles I is executed
Charles, I fought and lost the English Civil War. He didn't want to concede power to parliament and went to war. He lost and was executed as a traitor. -
Charles II is restored
After Oliver Cromwell died England needed to return to Monarchy. Charles II was living in France when he was asked to be king. He was restored as a monarch and was more friendly with parliament after he killed everyone who was responsible for his dad's execution. -
William and Mary are coronated.
William and Mary were the king and queen of the Netherlands during the time James II was king of England. Parliament did not want to deal with a Catholic king like James II, so they asked William to conquer England. The glorious revolution occurred and England became Calvinist under Willliam and Mary.