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An important physician known as Claudius Galenus, discovered that arteries contained blood. Yet he also created a few other ideas in which set up the beginning of future blood discovery.
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A physician recognized as Eminent Cairo discoverd the process in which blood is transered to and from the lungs. (pulmonary circulation)
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Michael Servetus, a spanish physician, contradicted Galen's theory of blood flowing through the heart's wall between the ventricles by claiming that blood is transfered through the lungs from from one side of the heart to the other.
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Anatomist, Fabricius, created the first drawings of the vien valves in his book "ON THE VALVES IN VEINS".
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William Harvey a british physician, publishes a book that demonstrates how blood flows in the body and is sent to the heart. Harvey makes the discovery from previous experiments on animals and even real people.
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Dutch microscopist,Jan Swammerdam is believed to have first seen and described red blood cells.
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Marcello Malpighi used a rudimentary microscope to observe the capillary system.
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Richard Lower uses a crude syringe to perform the first recorded blood transfusion in dogs. He resuccitated a dog by connecting its jugular vein to the neck artery of the other dog.
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French physician Jean-Baptiste Denis transfers nine ounces of lamb's blood into a tennage boy suffering from fever. He also attempts other procedures untill the death of Antoine Mauroy,
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek demonstrated a more clear description of red blood cells by estimating their size, "25,000 times smaller than a fine grain of sand."
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Philip Syng Physick is recognized as the first physician to do a human-to-humand blood transfusion. This recognition was discovered in a footnote written in a medical journal.
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James Blundell, an obstetrician and physiologist, is officially recorded to be the first person to attempt a human-to-human blood transfusion by using a syringe. His attempt of transfering blood from other donors to a person suffering internal bleeding, initially showed positive signs yet resulted in a failure.
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Sir William Osler discovers that the cells from bone marrow create what later came to be known as platelets.
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Karl Landsteiner discovers the main human blood groups ( A, B, and C).By mixing a serum and red blood cells he discoverd there is two types of antibodies that overall cause agglutination.
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Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli discover a 4th blood group known as blood group AB. This group causes agglutination in the blood cells of groups A and B.
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Dr. Ludvig Hektoen brings attention to checking possibility of cross matching the blood of donors before transfusions. In New York, Dr. Reuben Ottenberg uses cross matching in tranfusion procedures in 128 cases successfuly,
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Albert Hustin of Brussels and Luis Agote of Buenos Aires discover how to prevent clotting in blood vessels by adding sodium citrate to the blood. Dr. Hustin publishes the discovery.
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Dr. Richard Lewisohn discovers that by adding .2% of sodium citrate to the blood of a donor in order to prvent clogging in times of a tranfusion. Dr. Richard Weil also discoverd that citrated blood can be refrigerated and still be used in a transfusion days later,
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Francis Peyton Rous and J.R. Turner create a solution involving citrate and glucose. The concentration allowed storage of blood that was yet capable of successful transfusion weeks later.
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Percy Lane Oliver creates a a blood donor service within his home in London. He uses volunteers that are routinely checked for diseases and that are capable of donating blood whenever needed,
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Dr. Serge Yudin is the first to examin the ability of transfering cadaver into human. He is able to test it during an attempt to resuscitate a man who cut his wrists, by injecting the blood of a dead 60 year old man.
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Ananesthesiologists group created the process of storing citrated blood that later would be used in a tranfusion inside a hopspital.
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Federico Duran-Jorda creates the Barcelona Blood-Transfusion Service, in which collects, tests, storages blood and even transports it to hopsitals during the Spanish Civil War. Dr. Norman also creates a blood service in Madri during the Spanish Civil War.
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In Dr. Paul Beeson's JAMA report, he discovers the cause for tranfusion-transmitted hepatitis during seven cases of blood transfusions.
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Groups of independent blood banks ccome together to create American Association of Blood Banks. The first meeting was in Dallas.
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Dr. Carl W. Walter creates a plastic bag that can store blood and collect it. Changed the proccess of blood collection,
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Dr. Max Perutz used X-ray crystallography to observe the protien in blood cells that carries oxygen, known as hemoglobin.
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Dr. Judith Pool discovers Antihemophilic Factor which has a stronger possibility to clot than plasma.
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The discovery of the syndrome AIDS that was initially called GRID due to the belief that the disease was the reason for men being gay.
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Patients with hemophilics began to develop the disease GRID as well causing suspection that the disease might be due to blood borne reasons, Bruce Evatt, held a meeting to discuss the suspections.
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Researchers in France, discover the virus that causes AIDS in the swollen lymph node. They label it LAV.
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At a press conference, Dr. Robert Gallo states the discovery of the virus HTLV III, which is the reason for AIDS.
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Americans were being affected by AIDS during blood trnasfusions , therefore the ELISA test was created to make sure that the blood did not contain HIV anitbodies.It was adopted in blood banks and plasma centers.
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Tests to check for HCV and HIV viruses in blood before transfusions are created such as : anti- HTLV-I, HIV-1, Hepatitis C, HIV-2 antibodies, HIV p24 antigen and much more.
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American Red Cross collects blood plasma for the war effort by creating a civilian blood donating service. The Red Cross gains 13 million units of blood throught over the course of the war in the first organized blood service in New York.
