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Pharaoh Necho II ruled Egypt from 610-595 BCE and began building a canal linking the Nile River and the Red Sea called the Arabian Gulf by Herodotus.
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Cyrus built his empire by conquering first the Median Empire, then the Lydian Empire, and eventually the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
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Unified China in it's second golden age forming a global powerhouse. It was credited for spreading Buddhism throughout its boundaries.
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Confucious developed concepts about society, education, and government that continued to be followed in China.
These beliefs and values, Confucianism, became widely popular in Chinese culture and society after the 2nd century B.C.with the five classics becoming the core of education. -
Aeschylus launches tradition of Greek Tragedy
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Scylax of Caryanda made voyage into the Indian Ocean from 510-515 BCE in service of King Darius of Persia. The King heard of the riches of India and wanted to discover the mouth of the Indus River. Scylax later wrote a handbook for mariners.
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Athens agreed to aid the city-states of the Asia Minor, upsetting their rivals the Persians. Persian leader, Darius the Great, began attacks on the Greek mainland.
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Athens at its height; Pericles, Phidias, Sophocies, Socrates
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Successive invasions of Huns and other Central Asian tribes destroy Gupta Empire.
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The Peloponnesian War was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. The destruction of Athens fleet effectively ended the wat, and Athens surrendered the following year. The war reshaped the Greek Civilization, Sparta was leading power and poverty was widespread effecting international relations.
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A great philosopher and teacher Aristotle started his own school in Athens, called the Lyceum.
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One of the "greatest" leaders of all times. He defeated Darius III, King of Persia, and was made Kind of Asia.His empire encompassed parts of the Mediterranean, India, and Egypt.
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The Roman Empire became broken after the crisis of the third century and poor political planning which created the Byzantine Empire, which last for many many years.
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Domination of North India by Chandragupta; extended to south by grandson, Ashoka who promoted peace among the kingdom.
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Guptas dominate North India at beginning of Classical Period
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The establishment of a land-based trade route in Northern Africa that cut though the Sahara Desert, and used camels for transportation of goods.
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Archimedes wrote about mathematics and the measurement of water power.He devised pulley systems to pump out flooded ships and fields.
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Ashoka, famous Indian Emperor, ruled from 271-232 BCE, converted to Buddhism and worked to spread the religon. Around 254 BCE he had several teachings carved into rocks, caves, and tall stone pillars. He encouraged contact and interactions that contributed to the establishment of trade relations. Under his rule India traded with West Asia and Southeast Asia.
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Hindu Traditions Form; Mahabharata, Ramayana, codification of laws, grammar, science, arts;
God Shiva, Vishnu Major Figures
Spread of Sanskritic Culture to South India -
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Following the death of Qin Shi Huang, the Qin Dynasty fell and China was broken. Liu Bang formed the Han Dynasty which was considered to be the beginning of China's " Golden Age." Many technological advances were made such as papermaking,
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Invasions by Central Asian Tribes; Bactrian Greeks; Sakas; Kushans; who establish a dynasty
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Period of Greatest Buddhist influence.
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Development of the horse collar, stern-post rudder, and watermill.
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In 138 BCE Zhang Qian was sent by emperor Wudi to make contact with the Yuezhi and form and alliance to strengthen his empire against attacks by the nomadic tribes, the Huns. He reached the Yuezhi and continued to travel west. His second mission to Southeast Asia he introduced Chinese culture and technology to the lands he visited and brought back foreign music, dance forms, and foods.
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The trade route "The Silk Road" was commonplace.
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Invention of paper and the compass.
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Jesus of Nazareth inspired the religion of Christianity and its ideals. History is centered around his birth. His ideals have unified and divided people in ways that have changed the course of history.
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Series of Punic wars began, Rome developed it's navy for the first time. Both Carthage and Rome generated new allies and colonies in Spain as competition escalated.
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Faxian was a chinese Buddhist monk who travelledby foot from China to India, visiting many sacred Buddhist sites to acquire Buddhist texts. He wrote a book on his travels filled with early Buddhism, and the geography and history of the Silk Roads.
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The enclosing borders of the Western Roman Empire and the pressure applied by Nomadic groups and inner turmoil ended an era. The collapse of Rome led to the Dark Ages in which much of Europe resorted to Feudalism. The coolapse also meant there was no authoritative power in Europe which caused conflict.