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the frankesh kingdoms united and created the nation of france
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Harold II was killed in the battle but legend has it that he was shot through the eye with an arrow. The battle marked the last successful foreign invasion of the British Isles.
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Henry went to Canossa where Gregory was visiting still trying to get forgiveness.
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the crusadesThere were a total of nine crusades! The first four crusades were seen as the most import and scant reference is made to the other crusades - with the exception of the Children's crusade which effectively led to the decline of the crusades. For a period of two hundred years Europe and Asia were engaged in almost constant warfare.
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The Milanese were informed about Frederick's plan and prepared for battle. A Carroccio, or a sacred war wagon drawn by oxen, was built and was decorated with the city standard and an altar upon which the cross of Archbishop Aribert of Milan was erected.
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The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and sacked the Christian
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This tragic expedition was made by bands of French and German children, who marched to Mediterranean ports, convinced that the sea would dry up and permit them to reach the Holy Land
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Magna Carta was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges.
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The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England and the English Parliament progressively limited the power of the English monarchy which arguably culminated in the English Civil War
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the hunded years warThe Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne. It was the result of a dynastic disagreement dating back to William the Conqueror who became King of England in 1066,
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the bubonic plagueIn the early 1330s an outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in China. The bubonic plague mainly affects rodents, but fleas can transmit the disease to people. Once people are infected, they infect others very rapidly. Plague causes fever and a painful swelling of the lymph glands called buboes, which is how it gets its name. The disease also causes spots on the skin that are red at first and then turn black.
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the schism in western Christendom was finally healed at the Council of Constance. There were three "phantom popes" at this time, but they were all deposed in favor of a new pontiff, Martin V. The Catholic world now had a single head based in Rome, but it was not easy to revive the old, unquestioning loyalty to him as God's vicar on earth. The religion became Roman Catholic.
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he was captured by the Burgundians, transferred to the English in exchange for money and put on trial by the pro English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon for charges of insubordination and heterodoxy and was burned at the stake for heresy when she was 19 years old
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In literature, medieval forms continued to dominate the artistic imagination throughout the 15th century. Besides the vast devotional literature of the period the ars moriendi, or books on the art of dying well
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charlemage had gone to rome to help put the affairs of the church in order
