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451
The Council of Chalcedon
The Council of Chalcedon held from 8th of October to 1st November 451. They met in a city in Asia Minor called Chalcedon. The Council of Nicaea said Jesus was truly God. This teaching was condemned at the Council of Ephesus in AD 431. However, ten years later, a man named Eutyches denied that Jesus was human, saying Jesus’ human nature was “absorbed” up by 'His' divine nature. This led to the Council of Chalcedon -
Jan 1, 1054
East-West Schism
(the certain day and month is unknown)
The East-West Schism, otherwise known as The Great Schism, was the main event that divided Christian into the Western Catholicism (Roman) and Eastern Orthodoxy. The Great Schism between The East and The West was to represent the formal breaking up between the 2 main branches of the Christian Church, the Orthodox and the Catholics. What caused the schism was the political, cultural, economic and social differences between The East and The West. -
Oct 1, 1346
The Plague/Black Death
(the certain day is unknown)
The Black Death was a horrible disease that spread all across Europe from 1346-1353. Ole J Bendictow estimated that the Black Death killed around 50 million people, roughly around 60% of Europe's entire population. The Black Death arrived in Europe by sea in October 1347 when 12 ships docked at the Sicilian port of Messina after a long journey sailing through the Black Sea. -
Jan 1, 1517
The Reformation (Martin Luther's Publication of 95 Theses)
(The certain day and month is unknown)
Martin Luther wrote a document attacking the Catholic Church's corruption of paying the church to be freed from sin. The theses stated that the Bible is the main authority in religion and that people can be freed from sin from their faith, not from what they have done. -
Jan 1, 1545
The Council of Trent
(the certain day and month is unknown)
The Council of Trent was held from 1545 to 1563. It played n important part in determining the outcome of the Counter-Reformation. The Council of Trent was called by Paul Ill. The Council lasted for 18 years, however it was only involved in lectures for four and a half years. The pope did not attend any of the meetings of the Council. -
Sep 25, 1555
The Reformation (Peace of Augsburg)
This was the first legal act for the coexistence of Lutheranism and Catholicism in Germany. The Peace allowed the state to freely select Lutheranism or Catholicism as their religion. The legal act ended the conflict between the two groups completely. The Peace of Augsburg saved the empire from serious conflicts for more than 50 years. Then, Germany became religiously divided country. -
The First Vatican Council
The First Vatican Council is the 20th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church. It was convoked by Pope Pius IX to deal with the problems of rationalism, liberalism and materialism. The statement on the pope's authority approved after a long debate. The council wasn't formally disbanded, however it created a constitution called Dei Filius, a version of the schema on Catholic faith. -
The Second Vatican Council
The Second Vatican Council was a spiritual renewal for the church. In other words, it was an occasion for the Christians separated from Rome to reunite. Those who were invited to the council included all the Catholic bishops and other high ranks in the church. Observers from big Christian churches and a Catholics called auditors were also invited, however they weren't allowed to vote.
