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Treaty of Medina del Campo consolidating peace between Portugal and Castile. -
Gutenberg invents the printing press. -
Fall of Constantinople and end of the Byzantine Empire. -
Siege of Belgrade that ends with the victory of the Christian armies over those of the Ottoman Empire, slowing their advance in Europe.
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Marriage of Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragon with which will allow the unification of Spain. -
The Catholic Monarchs end the Reconquest, ending almost 800 years of Islamic rule of the Iberian Peninsula.
Discovery of America by Cristóbal Colón on behalf of Spain. -
Second expedition of Cristobal Colón to America. -
Exploration of the coasts of Terre-Neuve by Giovanni Caboto on behalf of England. -
Third expedition of Cristobal Colón to America. -
War between France and Spain for control of the Kingdom of Naples. -
Leonardo Da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa. -
Vasco Núñez discovers the Pacific Ocean.
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Barbarossa sweeps the south of France.
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Carlos V's troops enter Rome. -
The Austrians defeat the Ottomans at the Siege of Vienna.
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Copernicus proposes that the Sun is the center of the universe rather than the Earth. -
Union of Utrecht between the provinces opposed to the Spanish in the Netherlands. -
Galileo Galilei invented the thermometer. -
Foundation of the Congrégation de Notre-Dame in France by Pierre Fouriery Alix Le Clerc.