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During the mid-1200s physician Eminent Carlo Ibn al-nafis discovered pulmonary circulation. In other words, described the flow of the blood to anf from the lungs.
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In 1674 Anton Van Leellwenhoek was able to provide a better description of RBC's not even having a clue about the work of Swammerdam and Malpigni. He approximated the cell of RBC's to be "25,00 times smaller than a fine grain of sand."
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The first known blood transfusion happened in the 17th century. First, animal to animal and later from animal to human.
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At the end of the 17th century, scientists had been able to describe, evaluate, and measure RBC's.
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Although this information is not published, a footnote in a medical journal claims physician Philip Syng physick to have done the first human to human blood transfusion.
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Physiologist and eminent British obstertrician James Blundell performed the first RECORDED human to human blood transfusion. He injected a patient with 12-14 onces from many donors with a syringe. The patient didnt live but was showing improvment.
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Karl Landsteiner a austrian physician published a paper on the main human blood groups, A, B and C which later on changes to O but he himself had discovered them. Based on the paper, he says that two differrent antibodies exist in the aggulation.
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Collegues of physician Karl Landsteiner who had dis discovered the three main human blood groups made a discovery. The found the 4th blood group AB which causes aggulation in the red blood cells A and B.
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At Mount Sinal hospital in New York, the very first cross matching blood transfusion was performed.
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Dr. Richard Lewisohn formulated a concentration of sodium citrate that could be mixed with donor blood to prevent coagulation. The process did no harm to the recipient.
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Francis Peyton Rous and J.R Turney developed a citrate-glucose solution at the Rockefeller Institute in NY. The solution allowed blood to remain well for transfusion after being stored for weeks after its collection.
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Dr. Oswald Robertsonh established the first blood depot while serving in the U.S. army. He did this by collecting and storing Type O blood with citrate-glucose solution.
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Dr. Serge Yudin was the first to test the process of transfusing a human with cadacar blood. He resusutated a young man who attempted to suicide by injecting him with cadavar blood taken from a 60 year old man. The soviets became the first to have a network of facilties who stored blood for the use of transfusions done in hospitals.
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Physician Federico Duran- Jorda established the Barcelona blood transfusion service. Blood was being transported by vehicles with refrigerators to front line hospitals during the spanish civil war.
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Dr. Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiender experimented with RBC's in rhesus monkeys and discovered the blood group Rh. They also identified the antibody anti-Rh that was found in a woman who had given birth to a still born during 1939.
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Harvard biochemist Edwinconn invented a method of seperating out different proteins while searching for a substitute for liquid plasma. Each protein is thought to conain different theraputic peoperties.
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The first blood donor service opened in New York. By doing so, Red Cross collected over 13 million units of blood over the course of the war.
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Dr. Phill Beeson's report in the Journal of the American Medical Assosciation linked the happening of jaundice in 7 cases of blood plasma transfusions. This provided the quintessential description of transfussion- transmitted hepatitis.
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Dr, Carl Walter developed a plastic bag to store blood in, Before he had done so, blood was being stored in glass bottles. The creation revolutionized blood collection.
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Dr. Max Perutz who was working at cambridge university unravelled the structure of hemoglobin through the use of x-ray crystallography. Hemoglobin is the protein within RBC's that carries oxygen.
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Dr. Baruch Blumberg identified the trigger of antibodies which was on the surface of hepatitis virus. His research led to the ability to identify infected blood donors.
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The first case of AIDS was reported. At first, the syndrome was called GRID (Gay- related Immunology Deficiency Disease) due to its occurance through gay men.
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Researchers at Dr. Luc Montagners lab in France isolated the virus that caused AIDS. They locted it in the neck of an AIDS patient and labelened it LAV.
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After dozens of Americans were infected with AIDS by having had a blood tansfusion, the ELISA test is licensed by the US government on March 2. The test is able to detect the presence/absence of HIV antibodies was adopted by american blood banks and plasma centers.
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More sensetive tests are developed to screen donated blood for infectus deseases. This directly detected the genetic material of viruses like HIV.
