-
C.450-400 BCE.
A Greek philosopher named Empedocles believed that the heart was composed of elements consisting of fire, water, earth and air. -
C.400 BCE.
After Empedocles, a physician named Hippocrates had a theory that intstead of the heart being composd of 4 elements, it is composed of 4 humors which consisted of blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile. An imbalance may cause disease. -
C. 350 BCE.
Aristotle, a Greek philospher conducts dissections on animals and describes their body structures. He believes that the human body is similar thus stating that the heart was the central organ. -
C. 300 BCE.
Herophilus was an anatomist who publicly conducted the first dissection on a human in Alexandria, Egypt. He found that arteries were thicker than veins and carried blood. -
C. 130 CE-200 CE.
Galen was a successful physician who conducted and proved that arteries contained blood and was quite different than veins. He stated that blood forms in the liver which flow through the veins to the rest of the body through ventricles and through pores in the septum. -
mid-1200s
Physician and author of Ibn al-nafis describes the pulmonary system which is the flow of blood to and from the lungs. -
1553
Michael Servetus was a physician who was burned to death for denying Galen's theory by stating that the blood flows form one side of the heart to the other instead of through ventricles. -
1628
William Harvey published his book EXERCITATIO ANATOMICA DE MOTU CORDIS ET SANGUINIS IN ANIMALIBUS which describes how blood is pumped through the heart and circulates around the body. -
1658
Jan Swammerdam was believed to be the first to discover red blood cells. -
1661
Marcello Malpighi was the first to observe the capillary system which are vessels that connect the rteries and the veins. -
1665
Richard Lower was the first to conduct a blood transfusion in animals by connecting a vein from a dog and connecting it to an artery in the neck of a second dog. -
1667
Jean-Baptiste Denis, a french physician conducted the first blood transfusion on a teenage boy who suffered from a fever. The physician used lamb's blood in which the boy recovered nicely. -
1674
Anton van Leeuwenhoek provided more of a descrption to red blood cells stating that their size is 25,000 times smaller than a grain of sand. -
1771
William Hewson, according to his research on blood coagulation consists of clotting and isolating plasma. -
1779
Philip Syng Physick , a physician was the first to perfrom a blood transfusion from a human to human. -
1818
James Blundell was a physician who was the first to perform a recorded blood transfusion from human to human. He injected 12-14 ounces of blood in his patients which soon right after died. -
1901
Karl Landsteiner was an austrian physician who published a book describing the reactions that occur within the body. -
1902
Landsteiner's colleagues introduced a fourth type of blood group. -
1907
Dr. Ludvig Hektoen was the first to state to use mathcing blood types in blood transfusions. In At Mount Sinai Hospital in New York is where the same blood type tranfusion took place. -
1914
Dr. Richard Lewisohn conductes that the concentration of sodium in the blood can prevent clotting. -
1916
Francis Peyton Rous developed a solution of glucose which can store blood to use for tranfusions. -
1922
Percy Lane Oliver was the first to open a blood donor service in his home. volunteers were screened for disease and tested for blood type. -
1935
A group of anesthesiologists in the May Clinic in Rochester, MN were the first to begin storing blood for transfusions in a hospital. -
1939-40
Drs. Drs. Philip Levine and R.E. Stetson discover the RH blood group in a woman giving birth to a stillborn. A factor in the fetus which was carried from the father caused the production of the RH blood group. -
1940
A shotage of plasma occured in Britian during World War 2 which caused Edwin Cohn to invent a substance similar to plasma. He invented this by combining the combinations of plasma,ethyl alcohol and centrifuged. -
1943
Dr.Paul Beeson researchs cases of jaundice in blood and plasma transfusuions which lead him to the description of tranfusion-transmitted hepatitis. -
1959
Dr. Max Perutz was able to reveal the structure of hemoglobin which is a protein that carries oxygen by using X-ray crystallography. -
1965
Dr. Judith Pool was able to discover that components of thawed plasma consisted of Factor VIII. The factor was capable of causing a greater risk of blood clotting. -
1960's
Dr's Kenneth M. Brinkhous and Edward Shanbrom conducted a new substance of factor VIII. A large amount of cyro were redissolved, treated, filtered, and centrifuged which gave the substance the power to be 100 times stronger than raw plasma. -
1971
Dr. Baruch Blumberg discovered a substance on the hepatitis B virus that stimulates the production of anitibodies which lead him conduct a test to identify infected donors. -
1981
Due to a result of gay men, the syndrome called GRID was discovered which was later changed to AIDS. -
1982
Dr. Bruce Evatt who worked for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suspected that AIDS was not caused by the same sex but rather from blood borne. -
1983
Dr. Luc Montagnier, a reseacher in France located the virus od AIDS in a patient who has a swollen lymph node in the neck which he labeled LAV (lymphadenopathy-associated virus). -
1984
Dr. Robert Gallo first announced that he identified the virus that caused AIDS which he called HTLV III (human T-cell lymphotropic virus). -
1985
The ELISA test was deigned to diagnose people for AIDS from blood transfusions.
