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Yogurt and cheese made with lactic acid-producing bacteria by various cultures.
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa.
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Edward Jenner uses first viral vaccine to inoculate a child from smallpox.
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Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation.
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Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance.
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Robert Koch develops a technique for staining bacteria for identification.
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Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that cause cholera and anthrax in chickens.
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Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first rabies vaccine and use it on Joseph Meister.
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Karl Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer, first uses the word biotechnology.
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Alexander Fleming notices that a certain mould could stop the duplication of bacteria, leading to the first antibiotic: penicillin.
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James D. Watson and Francis Crick describe the structure of DNA.
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Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer perform the first successful recombinant DNA experiment, using bacterial genes.
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The U.S. patent for gene cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer.
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Humulin, Genetech's human insulin drug produced by genetically engineered bacteria for the treatment of diabetes, is the first biotech drug to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
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The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique is conceived.
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First federally approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully on a young girl who suffered from an immune disorder.
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The USDA approves the first GM food: the "Flavr Savr" tomato.
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British scientists, led by Ian Wilmut from the Roslin Institute, report cloning Dolly the sheep using DNA from two adult sheep cells
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Completion of a "rough draft" pf the human genome in the [Human Genome Project].
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Rice becomes the first crop to have its genome decoded.
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The HGP is completed, providing information on the locations and sequence pf human genes on all 46 chromosomes.
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The first Nanoradio is discovered by Alex Zettl.
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Japanese astronomers launched the first Medical Experiment Module call "Kibo", to be used on the International Space Station.
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Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute uses modified SAN heart genes to create the first viral peacemaker in guinea pigs, now known as iSAN's.
