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Evil spirits
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Ceremonies to exercise evil spirits
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Digitalis - treats heart conditions Quinine - controls fever, controls muscle spasms, and helps prevent malaria Belladonna and atropine - treats muscle spasms, especially in GI pain Morphine - treats severe pain
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- earliest people to keep accurate health records
- priests acted as physicians
- used medicines to heal disease, learned how to splint fractures, and used leeches for treating disorders
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Development of acupuncture
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- first to realize the cause of disease may be natural, not spiritual
- religious custom did not allow bodies to be dissected
- Hippocrates was the father of medicine
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- learned that disease was caused by lack of sanitation so they developed a sanitation system
- the first to organize medical care
- physicians kept rooms in their houses for medical care, these were the first hospitals
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The Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns and medicine started only being practiced in convents and monasteries. This is because the church believed that life and death was in gods hands.
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Primary treatment was prayer, medicine was herbal mixtures, and care was custodial.
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Epidemics were the cause of millions of deaths during this time. These illnesses were bubonic plague, smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis.
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The renaissance saw a rebirth in learning. The developments in this time included the building of universities and medical schools, the search for new ideas about disease rather than accepting it as the will of god, dissection of the body for science, and the development of the printing press and the publishing of books.
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Studied and recorded anatomy of the body. -
Discovered fallopian tubes in the female body.
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Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat.
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He used his knowledge to understand psychology and he was able to describe the circulation of blood and pumping of the heart
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Invented the microscope, establishing that there is life smaller than the eye can see.
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Early pharmacies started in this time. They traded in drugs in spice. -
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He discovered bifocals, and that colds could be passed from person to person. -
New discoveries made required as new way of teaching medicine. Students attended lectures in the classroom, laboratory, and also observed patients at bedside. When a patient died they dissected the body and observed the process.
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He discovered the element oxygen. He also observed that plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen, making it unstable for respiration.
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Discovered smallpox vaccination. Also founded immunization as a preventative medicine.
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Invented the stethoscope.
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Identified the cause of childbed fever. Also realized that physicians were causing more deaths in childbirth because they spread disease from dead bodies they were working on.
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Attracted well educated and dedicated women to the Nightingale school of nursing. These graduates raised the standard of nursing. -
Discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere. He also discovered that they cause disease.
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Discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms; viruses.
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The first doctor to use antiseptic during surgery.
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Developed asepsis; a method to keep a germ free area before and during surgery. -
Discovered many disease causing organisms. He developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. He also stressed the importance of cleanliness.
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Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing organisms.
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Discovered X-rays. -
Nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform were discovered. They put people to sleep during surgery.
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Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria.
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Discovered conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry. -
Discovered sulfide compounds. These were effective in killing bacteria.
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Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis.
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Used a live polio virus vaccine.
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Discovered the molecular structure of DNA based on its known double helix.
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Preformed first successful heart transplant.
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Pioneer in separating Siamese twins.
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3D printing is used to create prosthetics, implants, and more.
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Research project that had the goal of determining the base pairs that make up DNA.
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Smart watches can track many health indicators including heart rate, patterns of sleep, and movements. -
One by one states have been legalizing medical marijuana.
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The first Ebola vaccine came out on December 19th, 2019.