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Receiving plenary indulgences from the church convinced several hundred thousand Roman Catholic Christians to become crusaders. The conflict ended in 1291 with the fall of the Holy Land of Acre.
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The 100 years war was a series of conflicts. The conflict died out because the English recognized that the French troops were too strong to be confronted directly.
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The black death was the most devistating penamic plauge. It killed more than 20 million people in Europe. It arrived by sea when 12 Genoese trading ships docked at Port Messina.
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As a cultural movement, it included learning based on classical sources. In politics, it contributed the development of diplomacy. And science gained a reliance on observation.
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Under the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming became one of the most stable but also one of the most autocratic of all Chinese dynasties. If there was any wrong doings by the top Ming officials, the Censorate would investigate.
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Zheng He commanded a fleet of 62 ships manned by more than 27,800 men. He acted as envoy 8 times over a period of 28 years. At each stop he traded on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.
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Joan of Arc's death would prove to be one of the greatest injustices in the Middle Ages. It was not until 25 years later that she was found innocent of all heresy charges by the Pope himself.
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When Constantinople was captured, it marked the end of the Roman Empire. It also dealt a massive blow to Christendom.
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The printing press allowed the mass production of printed books and was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Movable type improved on the handwritten manuscript.
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Columbus was in command of three ships: the Pinta, the Nina, and the Santa Maria. His first landfall was a small island in the present-day Bahamas.
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The greed of the king and the growing nationalism of the people who had just brought the crusade against the Muslim Moors to a glorious close. The Jews were driven out because they encouraged the Marranos to persist in their Jewishness and thus would not allow them to become good Christians.
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Vasco Da Gama was the first European to reach India by way of the Atlantic Ocean. He was not greeted warmly by the Muslim merchants of Calicut.
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The slave trade took place across the atlantic ocean. The portuguese were the first to engage in the new world slave trade.
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The Safavid Empire was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Persia. At their height, they controlled all of modern Iran, Azerbaijan, Bahrain and Armenia, to name a few.
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America was named in honor of Amerigo Vespucci because he discovered the mainland of the New World. The name America appeared for the first time on Martin Waldseemuller's 1507 world map.
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Sometime between 1503 and 1506, the Mona Lisa was painted while Da Vinci was living in Florence. It now hangs in the Louvre.
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Michelangelo was asked to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel by Pope Julius II. He painted well over 5,000 square feet of frescoes.
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The 95 Theses refers to practices within the Catholic Church regarding baptism and absolution. The Theses reject the validity of indulgences.
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His expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth. He didn't complete the entire voyage, as he was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines.
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Northern India fell to the superior mobility and firepower of the Mughals. The Mughal Empire did not destroy the local societies it overcame, but rather balanced and pacified them by way of new administrative practices.
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In the U.S., public perception is that Henry VIII created the Anglican church in anger over the Pope's refusal to grant his divorce. The historical record indicates that Henry spent most of his reign challenging the authority of Rome.
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Pizarro was trying to convert the Inca to Christianity, but it was lost in translation. The Inca leader threw down the Bible not having seen a book before and Pizarro attacked.
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It is an astronomical model that positions the Sun near the center of the Universe, motionless with the planets rotating around it. The planets would move in circular paths modified by epicycles at uniform speeds.
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The Council of Trent was one of the Roman Catholic Church's most important ecumenical councils. It issued decrees and condemnations of what it defined to be heresies committed by Protestantism.
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During his reign, Spain reached the height of its influence and power; sometimes called the Golden Age. Philip is also known for organizing the Spanish Armada.
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Elizabeth became queen after her half-sister Queen Mary I died. She established a permanent Protestant Church of England, and encouraged the Calvinist reformers in Scotland.
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Age of Enlightenment was a cultural movement of intellectuals. It began in the late 17th century in Western Europe.
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The colony was sponsored by the Virginia Company of London. The first two English women arrived at Jamestown in 1608.
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He led an absolute monarchy during France’s classical age. known for his aggressive foreign policy.
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was the last imperial dynasty of China. It was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China.
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concerns the structure of society and the government. has the most influential examples of social contract theory
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He was the man who really pushed for the execution of Charles as he believed that Charles would never change his ways.
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Peter I ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May 1682 until his death. He expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power.
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Catherine the Great was the most renowned and the longest ruling female leader of Russia. The period of Catherine the Great's rule, Catherinian Era, is often considered the Golden Age of the Russian Empire.
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It was when the bill of rights was proposed in Congress in 1789 in North Carolina. Delaware was the first state to ratify the constitution.
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King Louis XVI needed money. His financial crisis forced the French monarch to reluctantly convene the Estates General in order to levy a new land tax that would hopefully solve his monetary woes.
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The reign of Terror was a period of violence. It occurred after the onset of the french revolution.
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In paris Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned napolean I. The first frenchman to hold the title emperor.
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Napolean was defeated in Belgium on June 18, 1815. It marked the final defeat of French military leader and Emperor Napolean Bonaparte.
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The last feudal Japanese military government
was between 1603 - 1868. The years of the Tokugawa Shogunate became known as the Edo Period.
