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European trade with Africa becomes well established
Getting into Africa was extremely difficult for the Europeans in the early days. Strong African armies, fast rapids that were almost impossible to navigate on, and new diseases that the Europeans weren't immune to, all stopped them from going into African territories.However, the invention of steam-powered riverboats and the invention of quinine drugs helped the Europeans trade with Africa more easily. -
East India Company collapses due to Sepoy Rebellion; British Raj begins
Sepoys, who are largerly Hindus and Muslims, think cows are sacred and cannot eat them. However, there was a rumor that the cartridges of the Enfield rifles were greased with beef and pork. On May 10th, the sepoys rebelled against the British. However, the Hindus and Muslims didn't want to fight together, so the Hindus stayed with the British and the Sikhs also stayed with the British. After the loss of the rebellion, the British government took direct control of India, or Raj. -
Suez Canal links the Mediterranean and Red Seas
Isma'il, Muhammand Ali's grandson, helped build the Suez Canal. The canal was built by Egyptians and the money from France. However, Isma'il's irrigation projects and communication networks were very expensive, and came to a point where Egypt just could not pay its debt, so the British took control of the canal. -
Berlin Conference convenes to discuss terms for African colonization
Due to the discovery of dimonds in 1867 and gold in 1886, Europeans flowed in to Africa to colonize. This competition was so fierce that the Europeans held the Berlin Conference to divide the African territories to all the nations. The Europeans ignored and did not care about the distribution of ethnicities in Africa. In the meeting, no African leader was invited. -
Queen Liliuokalani takes the throne of Hawaii
Queen Liliuokalani took the throne, and in 1893, made a new constitution that would make her more powerful and would make the Hawaiiians claim back their political rights by taking the money from wealthy planters. A group of American businessman, to prevent Hawaiian monarchy, overthrew the Queen in 1893. -
Ethiopians defeat the invading Italians at the Battle of Adowa
When Menelik ll signed a treaty with Italy, he thought he was only giving up a little part of Ethiopia. However, Italians claimed that the treaty made all of Ethiopia Italy's. As the Italian army marched towards northern Ethiopia, Menelik declared war against them, and defeated the Italians in the Battle of Adowa, keeping their independence. -
Spanish-American War breaks out; Puerto Rico, Spain, and thePhilippines taken from Spain
When the U.S won the Sapnish-American War, they were undecided about if they should control the Philippines. The Fililipino nationalists didn't want to be ruled by the Americans right after they were controlled by the Spanish. Emilio Aguinaldo claimed that the U.S. granted them independence right after the War ended, and declared themselves independent. After years of struggle, Americans won in 1902. -
Boer War in South Africa
After the discovery of diamonds and golds, many people rushed into South Africa to get rich. Boers didn't want these people gaining political power. There was a rebellion against the Boers that failed, and the Boers blamed the British and declared war agiainst them. The Boers launched commando raids and used guerrilla tactics, while the British locked captured Boers into concentration camps and burned their farms. The British won the war, and the Boers were joined into the Union of South Africa. -
Most of Africa is under European control
Europeans managed to conquer Africa due to their thechnological superiority. The Maxim gun was a major factor in the conquest of Africa. The Europeans also invented the steam engine, which allowed them to easily travel on African rivers and make bases. With railroads, cables, and steamships, they easily communicated with each other. They also created the drug quinine to be immune to malaria. By 1914, Libeia and Ehiopia were the only nations that weren't under the European control.
