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Grandson of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.
Carries the title Holy Roman Emperor - making him ruler of SPain and the Holy Roman Empire.
Was constantly at war with France, Protestants and Ottoman Empire.
Later in his life he became a Monk. -
Son of Charles V.
Ruled Spain, the Netherlands, Southern Italy and Americas.
Centralized power in Spain.
Absolute Monarch.
Considered himself the Guardian of the Catholic Church.
Was at war with the Netherlands and Ottomans.
Created the Gonlen Century. -
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Quickly alienated Parliament
Alienated the Puritans when he defended the Anglican Church
Many of the Landed gentry had become Puritans
- Made up a larde part of the House of Commons -
The attempt by Catholics to kill King James I and most of the Protestant aristocracy
Blew up the House of Lords during the state opening of Parliament
Later becomes known and celebrated as Guy Fawkes Day -
With Cardinal Richelieu, reduced the power of nobility, restricted local authorities.
Created Intendants: Individuals given to government officials, especially administrators of state affairs -
Believed in elaborate ceremonies and rituals.
Uniformity of Church was imposed by a Church court
- Anglican "Book of Common Prayer"
- For both England and Scotland
Believed to be pro-Catholic by thbe Puritans -
In return for money to fund his wars, Charles I agreeded to:
- No Imprisonment without due cause
- No taxation without Parliament's consent
- No putting soldiers in private homes
- No Martial law during peacetime He signed and then ignored by dissolving Parliament -
Parliament was not held for 20 years
Rebellion in Scottland
Chanrles I needed money for war with France
MPs demanded more protection of proterty
Charles I dismissed Parliament after 3 weeks -
"Triennial Act": Stated that Parliament must be called into session at least once every 3 years
Charles I attpemts to arrest 5 MPS and fails -
A series of armed conflicts and political problems between Parliamentarians and Royalists
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Centralization of government
Build up royal administration
- Expanded intendant system
Decreases other forms of authority
Establishes Religious unification
"One King, One Law, One Faith"
- Revoked the Edict of Nantes, 1685 -
Civil war occuring in France
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Peace of Westphalia
Fronde revolt in France
Ukranian Cossacks rebel
Dutch Republic recognized as independent -
Cromwell purges the House of Commons of moderates
The result of the Purge was the "Rump" Parliament
The BEHEADING of Charles I
The vote by the Rump Parliament was a vote of 68-67 -
Cromwell ruled the Rump Parliament
Constitutional Republic
Created a constitution - Instrument of Government
Created a Council of State that was annually elected from the committee of Parliament
NO Monarch
Most of Europe does not recognize the new government -
New Russian legal code
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Leviathan was published
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Cromwell dissolved the "Rump" Parliament in 1653
Declares martial law
Establishes a Military Dictator
Religious tollerance for all except for Catholics
Crushes a rebellion in Scotland
Crushes a rebellion among the Catholics or Ireland - killed 40% of all ethnic Irish -
Filled with Royalists
Disbanded the Puritan army and ppardoned most Puritan rebels
Restored the suthority of the Church of England -
Longest English Parliament
Filled with Royalists
Bisdanded the Puritan army and pardoned most Puritan rebels
Restored the suthority of the Church of England -
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All clergy and church officials had to conform to the Anglican "Book of Common Prayer"
Forbade "non-conformists" to worship publicly, teach their faith, or attend English universities -
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Enemies: Spain, Dutch Republic, England, Sweden
Ended by Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1688
France gained towns in Spanish Netherlands (Flanders) -
Enemies: Dutch Republic, Spain, Holy Roman Empire
Ended by Treaty of Nijmegen 1678-1679
Treaty gave several towns in Spanish Netherlands and Cranche-Comté to France -
Parliament excluded all but Anglicans from civilian and military positions
Puritans were considered "radicals" and Catholics were seen as "traitors" -
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Any injustly imprisoned persons could obtain a write of "habeas corpus" compelling the government to explain why he had lost his liberty
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Westernized Russia
Had 400 years of development to catch up with
Became an absolute Monarch -
A bigtoed convert to Catholicism without any of Charles II's ability to compromise
Alienated the Tories
Provoked the revolution that Charles II had avoided
Surrounded himself with Catholics
Claimed the power to suspend or dispense with Acts of Parliament
"Declaration of Liberty Conscience"
- Extended religious toleration without Parliament's approval -
Enemies: Holy Roman Empire, Sweden, Spain, England
Ended by Peace of Rijswijk 1679
Louis XIV returned all his conquests made since 1678 except Strasbourg -
Dutch King and Queen of England
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Settled major issues between the King and Parliament
Served as a model for the U.S. Bill of Rights
Formed a base for the steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18th and early 19th centuries in England