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The Empire of Ghana grew rich from the trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt. When camels came around, the empire became even more prosperous because of trade efficiency.
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Islam wass brought into Africa by force from the Umayyad Army.
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Ghana came to the height of its power after years of successful trade and powerful government.
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The Berber Moraccan dynasty of North Africa, called the Almoravids, spread over modern day Morocco and other parts of the Sahara.
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The Mali Empire grew out of an area referred to by it's contemporary inhabitants as Manden. The Empire was established by the Mandinka tribes.
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Mansa Musa made his pilgrimage to Mecca along with 60,000 men, 12,000 slaves, 80 camels, and 300 pounds of gold.
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Timbuktu was made famous by the Tenth King of Mali, Mansa Musa. Timbuktu is an intellectual and spiritual capital for the propogation of islam.
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The last Chinese trade voyages to East Africa occurred in 1417 and 1431.
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Songhai was one of the largest African empires in history. The Songhai state has existed for over 1,000 years.