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7 years war
It involved every European great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. -
Declaration of independence
The Declaration of Independence severed the political connections between the thirteen original American colonies and Great Britain. -
louisiana purchase
The United States purchased approximately 828,000,000 square miles of territory from France, thereby doubling the size of the young republic. -
Haitian Independence
A successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection that took place in the former French colony of Saint-Domingue that lasted from 1791 until 1804. It affected the institution of slavery throughout the Americas. Self-liberated slaves destroyed slavery at home, fought to preserve their freedom, and with the collaboration of mulattoes, founded the sovereign state of Haiti. -
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Janissary Revolt
In 1807, auxiliary troops (Yamaks) rebelled against the European-style uniforms, and the Janissaries joined them. -
War or 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict, lasting for two and a half years, fought by the United States of America against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, its North American colonies, and its Native American allies. -
Latin American Independence
The revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the Spanish, Portuguese and French colonies in the Americas. Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the United States to independence, during the Haitian Revolution, which lasted from 1791 to 1804. -
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Mexico: War and Reform
The Mexican War of Independence was an armed conflict, and the culmination of a political and social process which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain.
The Reform War in Mexico, during the Second Federal Republic of Mexico, was the three-year civil war (1857 - 1860) between liberals, who had taken power in 1854 under the Plan of Ayutla, and conservatives resisting the legitimacy of the government and its radical restructuring of Mexican laws. -
Indian Removal Act
The law authorized the president to negotiate with Indian tribes in the Southern United States for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their ancestral homelands. -
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Opium war
The Opium Wars were two wars in the mid-19th century involving Anglo-Chinese disputes over British trade in China and China's sovereignty. -
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Tanzimat Reforms
These wear a series of reforms passed by the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876
Reforms aimed to encourage Ottomanism among the many ethnic groups that lived in the Ottoman Empire and to prevent the slow decline of the empire
The reforms tried, but failed, to integrate non-Muslims and non-Turks more thoroughly into the Ottoman society through civil liberties and regulations -
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Mexican- American war
an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States from 1846 to 1848. -
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Taiping Rebellion
a massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864 fought between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the millenarian movement of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace. The Taiping Rebellion began in the southern province of Guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of persecution against a millenarian sect known as the God Worshipping Society led by Hong Xiuquan, who believed himself to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ. -
Matthew Perry "opens" Japan
A diplomatic expedition to Bakumatsu period Japan.The goals of this expedition included exploration, surveying, and the establishment of diplomatic relations and negotiation of trade agreements with various nations of the region. The expedition was commanded by Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, under orders from American President Millard Fillmore. -
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Crimean War
The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to March 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. The immediate cause involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was a part of the Ottoman Empire. -
Emancipation of serfs by Alexander II
The first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign (1855-1881) of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. The reform effectively abolished serfdom throughout the Russian Empire. -
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U.S Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States fought from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America. The Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U.S. history. -
U.S Emancipation Proclomation
The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. It purported to change the federal legal status of more than 3 million enslaved people in the designated areas of the South from "slave" to "free", although its immediate effect was less. It had the practical effect that as soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, the slave became legally free. -
Dominion of Canada
Dominion" of Canada. Dominion, the term adopted in 1867 to describe the status of Canada in the British Empire, and now used to describe also the status of Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Newfoundland. The story is told that the adoption of the term was due to a suggestion of Sir Leonard Tilley. -
Meiji Restoration
A chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure, and spanned both the late Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji period. The period spanned from 1868 to 1912 and was responsible for the emergence of Japan as a modernized nation in the early twentieth century, and its rapid rise to great power status in the international system. -
Canadian Transcontinental Railroad Completed
In 1880, the Canadian government contracted the Canadian Pacific Railroad to construct the first all-Canadian line to the West Coast. During the next five years, the company laid 4,600 kilometers of single track, uniting various smaller lines across Canada. Despite the logistical difficulties posed by areas such as the muskeg (bogs) region of northwestern Ontario and the high rugged mountains of British Columbia, the railway was completed six years ahead of schedule. -
Brazil ends Slavery
On May 13, 1888, slavery officially ended in Brazil with the signature of the Golden Law-Lei Áurea-by Princess Izabel. This year, the theme underlying the remembrance of the date is Unfinished Abolition -
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Spanish- American War
A conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of the USS Maine in Havana harbor in Cuba leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. Revolts had been occurring for some years in Cuba against Spanish rule. The U.S. later backed these revolts upon entering the Spanish–American War. -
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Hundred Days Reform
A failed 103-day national cultural, political, and educational reform movement from 11 June to 21 September 1898 in late Qing dynasty China. It was undertaken by the young Guangxu Emperor and his reform-minded supporters. The movement proved to be short-lived, ending in a coup d'état by powerful conservative opponents led by Empress Dowager Cixi. -
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Russo- Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria and the seas around Korea, Japan and the Yellow Sea. -
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Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle that radically transformed Mexican culture and government.Its outbreak in 1911 resulted from the failure of the 35-year long regime of Porfirio Díaz to find a managed solution to the presidential succession. This meant there was a political crisis among competing elites and the opportunity for agrarian insurrection