1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E.

Ottoman Dynasty [1292- 1922]

Jan 1, 1292

The sultan was the sole and absolute regent, head of state and head of government of the empire, at least officially, though often much power shifted de facto to other officials, especially the Grand Vizier.

Songhay Empire [1304- 1591]

Feb 1, 1304

The Songhai state has existed in one form or another for over a thousand years, if one traces its rulers from the first settlement in Gao to its semi-vassal status under the Mali Empire through its continuation in Niger as the Dendi Kingdom.

Prince Henry The Navigator [1394-1460]

Jan 1, 1394

an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and the Age of Discoveries in total. He was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents.

Beginning Of Portuguese Slave Trade

Jan 2, 1450

With the opening of European plantations in the New World, which suddenly expanded the demand for slaves in the Americas, trade in slaves soon overshadowed gold as the principal export of the area.

Reign of Mehmed The Conqueror [1451-1481]

Jan 1, 1451

he conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire, transforming the Ottoman state into an empire. Mehmed continued his conquests in Asia, with the Anatolian reunification, and in Europe, as far as Bosnia and Croatia. Mehmed II is regarded as a national hero in Turkey,

Reign Of Sunni Ali [1464-1492]

Jan 1, 1464

Sonni conducted a repressive policy against the scholars of Timbuktu, especially those of the Sankore region who were associated with the Tuareg whom Ali expelled to gain control of the town.

Martin Luther [1483-1546]

Nov 10, 1483

a German monk, priest, professor of theology and seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money.

Dias' Voyage Into Indian Ocean

Mar 2, 1488

The discovery of the passage around southern Africa was significant because, Europeans realized they could trade directly with India and the other parts of Asia

Colombus' First Voyage

Jan 2, 1492

Columbus set sail and discovered the Americas, or New World, however he thought he sailed and made it to India.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Jun 7, 1494

This line of demarcation was about halfway between the Cape Verde Islands (already Portuguese) and the islands discovered by Christopher Columbus on his first voyage (claimed for Spain), named in the treaty as Cipangu and Antilia

Safavid Dynasty [1501-1736]

Jan 1, 1501

was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires after the Muslim conquest of Persia and established the Twelver school of Shi'a Islam as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in Muslim history.

John Calvin [1509- 1564}

Jul 10, 1509

An influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism.

Spanish Conquest of Mexico [1591-1521]

Jan 1, 1519

a fleet of 11 Spanish galleons sailing along the eastern gulf coast dropped anchor just off the wind-swept beach on the island of San Juan de Ulúa. Under the command of the wily, daring Hernán Cortés, the vessels bore 550 Spanish soldiers and sailors, as well as 16 horses, the first of the species to tread the American continent

Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent [1520-1566]

Jan 1, 1520

a prominent monarch of 16th century Europe, presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's military, political and economic power. Suleiman personally led Ottoman armies in conquering the Christian strongholds of Belgrade, Rhodes, as well as most of Hungary before his conquests were checked at the Siege of Vienna in 1529

Mughal Dynasty [1526-1857]

Jan 1, 1526

At the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled most of the subcontinent—extending from Bengal in the east to Balochistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south.

Foundation of Society Of Jesus

Sep 27, 1540

The society's founding principles are contained in the document Formula of the Institute, written by Ignatius of Loyola. Jesuits are known for their work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits, and for their missionary efforts.

Concil Of Trent

Jan 2, 1545

a council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 to examine and condemn the teachings of Martin Luther and other Protestant reformers

Reign Of Arkbar [1556- 1601]

Jan 1, 1556

Akbar was only 14 years of age in 1556 when he succeeded his father Humayun. That year, a formidable anti-Mughal coalition, consisting mainly of Afghanis, tried to recapture northern India but lost its battle against the Mughals at Panipat. Mughal control over northern India was finally established.

Galileo Galilei [1564-1642]

Feb 15, 1564

was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism

Reign of Emperor Wanli [1572-1620]

Jul 19, 1572

Wanli ascended the throne at the age of 9. For the first ten years of his reign, the young emperor was aided by a notable statesman, Juzheng directed the path of the country and exercised his skills and power as an able administrator

Spanish Armada [1585- 1604]

Mar 2, 1585

was the Spanish fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588, with the intention of overthrowing Elizabeth I of England and putting an end to her involvement in the Spanish Netherlands and in privateering in the Atlantic and Pacific.

Tokugawa Shogunate [1600-1868]

Mar 2, 1600

was a feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1600 and 1868 The heads of government were the shoguns. Each was a member of the Tokugawa clan. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle; and the years of shogunate became known as the Edo period. This time is also called the Tokugawa period

Thirty Years War [1618-1648]

Jan 1, 1618

The origins of the conflict and goals of the participants were complex and no single cause can accurately be described as the main reason for the fighting. Initially, it was fought largely as a religious war between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire

John Locke [1632-1704]

Aug 29, 1632

was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers.

Qing Dynasty [1644-1911

Jan 2, 1644

was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China.

Peace of Westphalia [1646-1648]

Jan 1, 1646

The treaties resulted from the big diplomatic congress,[4][5] thereby initiating a new system of political order in central Europe, later called Westphalian sovereignty.

Establishment Of First Colony in Australia

Jan 2, 1750

A proposal that Britain found a colony of banished convicts in the South Sea (or in Terra Australis) to enable the mother country to exploit the riches of those regions.

Seven Years War [1756-1763

Mar 2, 1756

was a world war that took place between 1756 and 1763. It involved most of the great powers of the time and affected Europe, North America, Central America, the West African coast, India, and the Philippines.

Hatian Revolution [1791-1804]

Jan 1, 1791

A slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic.

End Of British Slave Trade

Mar 25, 1807

The act abolished the slave trade in the British Empire, but not slavery itself. Many of the Bill's supporters thought the Act would lead to the death of slavery. It was not until much later that slavery itself was actually abolished.