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Florence organizes a league that rebels against Pope Gregory XI
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Cloth workers in Florence revolt to reform the city's guild system
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Banker Cosimo de Medici gains control of Florence. He was able to dominate the Florentine government.
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Printing presses operated in England, France, Germany. Italy, and several other European nations.
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Henry VIII becomes the ruler of England
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Michelangelo began painting the Sistine Chapel in 1508 and it took him 4 years to complete.
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Niccolo Machiavelli writes The Prince
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Martin Luther posts his 95 theses challenging the church practices. He soon broke with the church and the idea of Lutheranism comes from him.
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A stock exchange opens in the Netherlands
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Pope Paul IV establishes the Index of Forbidden Books