1000-1500 AD By ktenioso 1000 Muslims control two thirds of the ancient Christian world 1054 The Great Schism 1073 St. Gregory VII elected pope 1073 Pope St. Gregory VII excommunicates the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV 1088 First universities founded 1094 The Byzantine emperor in Constantinople asks the West for aid against Muslim armies 1095 Pope Urban II calls for a Crusade, and Christians temporarily capture Jerusalem 1144 First Gothic cathedral completed 1147 Second and Third Crusades 1204 Crusaders from the Fourth Crusade sack Constantinople 1209 Franciscan Order is founded by St. Francis of Assisi 1216 Dominican Order founded by St. Dominic 1229 The Inquisition is founded 1274 St. Thomas Aquinas write the Summa Theologica 1300 The Renaissance begins 1347 Bubonic plague arrives in Europe. 1377 St. Catherine of Siena convinces the pope to return the papacy to Rome 1386 St. Catherine of Siena cares for the sick and buries the dead when the plague strikes Siena. 1453 Muslims conquer Constantinople and tun Hagia Sophia into a mosque 1492 Christopher Columbus reaches the Americas