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Cause: The Vikings of Scandinavia set out to explore North America and later migrated to England and Europe because of over population.
Effect: In some of the new places the Vikings settled they had a massive impact on the environment. They cut down forests, hunted animals and introduced new species of plants and animals. -
Cause: William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy thought he had claim to the English throne and sent a letter to King Harold II to say so. On October 14th 1066, King Harold II was informed that William was moving north with his army.
Effect: The Normans won the battle because they had more skilful archers. After the battle many of the Normans' traditions began in England. -
Cause: Alexios I Komnenos who was the Byzantine emperor, sent to the pope, Urban II, and asked for aid from the west against the Seljuq Turks. At the council of Clermont, Pope Urban addressed the crowd and urged all to go to the aid of the Greeks and to recover Palestine from the rule of the Muslims.
Effect: Pope Urban II's speech helped tell people about the success of the first crusade, which was very important at the time. -
Minamoto Yoritomo was born on the ninth of May 1147. In 1159 he was the only surviving heir after the heiji rebellion. He was exiled for twenty years. After those twenty years he collected an army and rose against the Taira clan. He then set up a military headquarters where he ran an independent government.
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Cause: The Notre Dame is based on the idea of Bishop Maurice-de-sully who was elected Bishop in 1160. Because he was Bishop he was able to acquire resources for the construction of the Notre Dame. Effect: in 1797 the French closed the Cathedral, they sold off the furniture and the art and they almost demolished it.
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Cause: The purpose of the Magna Carta was to make king John govern by the old English laws from before the Normans came. The Magna Carta showed that the power of the king could be limited by a written grant.
Effect: because of the Magna Carta The Church was freed from royal influence, especially in the election of bishops and people were given the right to a fair trial with a jury. -
Cause: The Mongols tried to conquer Japan as a part of a quest to control Asia. The Mongols had better weaponry and skills but twice they failed to invade Japan because of typhoons.
Effect: These types of weather were nicknamed ‘Divine Wind’ because of the protection they offered Japan. -
The Black Death started in Mongolia in the 1320’s and spread from there. In the 1330’s it reached China, this was also during a growth in trading from China to Europe. Traders travelled the Black sea often and documents show that in 1347 a group of traders went from Genoa to China and to Europe and took the plague with them.
Because of this the Black Death Spread through Europe. This caused about a third of Europe’s population to die. -
Cause: in 1333 Ashikaga Takauji helped emperor Go-Daigo over throw the Kamakura bakufu.
Effect: Go-Daigo was unsatisfied with the political rewards he got. He restored the government and Ashikaga Takauji set up a puppet emperor and took the title of shogun and forced Go-Daig into exile. This fuelled a civil war between the supporters of Go-Daigo and the supporters of Ashikaga. -
After the first time the plague went through Europe it came again, never as bad as the first time, but still claiming lives. The worst of the recurrences was in 1347.
Although the Bubonic Plague never came as bad as the first time, the population of Europe didn’t recover completely until the 17th century. -
In 1348 shortly after the outbreaks of the bubonic Plague in Europe the Jews we accused of poisoning food, wells and other water sources and this was believed to be the source of the plague. People started blaming the Jews even though the same number of Jews were dying from the plague.
Some were tortured and others killed. The people torturing the Jews were attempting to get them to incriminate themselves or others and say that they were in fact poisoning water and food. -
The peasant’s revolt was caused because there were less people to work, the workers were in higher demand by land owners. This gave the peasants more power to demand higher wages. This lead to the peasants not being tied down to a single manor and sometimes owning land.
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In 1453 Constantinople was under siege by the Ottoman Empire lead by Sultanmehmed II. The defending army was lead by Emperor Constantine XI. The siege lasted from the 6th April 1453 until 29th May 1453 when Constantine XI’s army was defeated by the Ottomans.
Because of this the Byzantine Empire, which had been in power for 1,100 years, fell. After this Mehmed made Constantinople the capital of the Ottoman Empire. -
The construction of Machu Picchu was ordered by the Inca emperor Pachacuti in 1462. The construction was ordered to celebrate the defeat of Chancas.
Machu Picchu was built using Stone, wood and bronze tools and was called ‘The land of four quarters’ by the Incas. Machu Picchu was so well built that it is still there today. -
On July 30th 1492 200,000 Jews were exiled from Spain. Although the order to have the Jews exiled was given by the king they were exiled because of the Church’s belief that they were preventing people from becoming good Christians.
Because of this tens of thousands of people died trying to find somewhere to live. Some ship captains charged them to take them away but the captains would often throw them overboard after collecting the money. -
The Mona Lisa was painted in 1503 by da Vinci and is an oil painting. It is thought that the painting was of Lisa Gheradini who was the wife of a silk merchant. Lisa Gheradini’s husband is believed to have commissioned the painting. It was brought by King Francis I of France.
To this day it is one of the world most visited and known paintings. It is displayed in the Louver in France and is worth around $700 million. -
Cause: Takeda Katsuyori, started the battle of Nagashino on June 28, 1575 by invading Tokugawa Leyasu's territory. Takaeda Katsuyori seized the small castle named Nagashino.
Effect: 10,000 of takeda’s men died in one day at Nagashino and they lost 10,000 horses as well because of Oda Nobunaga’s cyclical firing which is a military technique. -
Cause: on the 21st of October 1600 Leyasu and an army of 80,000 samurai were led into battle against Ishida Mitsunari and his army.
Effect: They fought at Sekigahara (north-east of Kyoto). Ieyasu defeated Ishida and gained control of most of Japan. -
The first signs of the plague in London were in 1664 and it spread during 1665. At first there were quarantine measures but they were abandoned when it was realised that they were not helping.
In September 1665 the death rate was 8,000 people per week resulting in between 75,000 and 100,000 deaths. -
In 800 the Mali Empire was formed along with others. Each empire rose to power they existed peacefully in 1200 the Mali Empire was at its largest after expanding for many years.The leader, Munsa Musa, died in 1337. In the decades following Munsa Musa’s death the Mali Empire shrunk to its original size.
