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Eastern Christianity built its heritage on the works of early Church fathers. One was Saint Basil, who, around 357, wrote rules for the life of monks. Here, Saint Basil describes how monks and Christians should behave.
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As bishop of Constantinople from 398 to 404, Chrysostom was the patriarch, or leading bishop of the East.
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The crowning glory of his reign was Hagia Sophia, which means “Holy Wisdom” in Greek. A church of the same name had been destroyed in riots that swept Constantinople
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Two such fan groups sparked citywide riots called the Nika Rebellion. "Nika" transates to "Victory" as the mob would yell during the riot.
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Historians estimate that in 542, the worst year of the plague, 10,000 people were dying every day. The illness broke out repeatedly until around 700, when it finally faded. By that time, it had destroyed a huge percentage of the Byzantine population.
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“The panel created a single, uniform code known as the Justinian Code. After its completion, the code consisted of four works. The Code contained nearly 5,000 Roman laws that were still considered useful for the Byzantine Empire.
The Digest quoted and summarized the opinions of Rome’s greatest legal thinkers about the laws. This massive work ran to a total of 50 volumes.
The Institutes was a textbook that told law students how to use the laws.
The Novellae (New Laws) presented legislation -
Justinian died in 565, and the empire suffered many setbacks. Such as riots, religious quarrels, and foreign dangers
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A belief in one god in Arabic; around A.D. 570, Muhammad was born- begun to preach publicly in Mecca
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In 527, a high-ranking Byzantine nobleman named Justinian succeeded his uncle to the throne of the Eastern Empire.
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Trade routes began to connect Arabia to the major ocean and land routes- went past the peninsula to the Byzantine and Sassanid empires
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“By 600, the Church, with the help of Frankish rulers, had converted many Germanic peoples. These new converts had settled in Rome’s former lands. Missionaries also spread Christianity. These religious travelers often risked their lives to bring religious beliefs to other lands."
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By 622, Muhammad left Mecca after his followers were attacked- migration became known as the Hijrah
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“In 630, Muhammad and 10,000 of his followers marched to the outskirts of Mecca. Facing sure defeat, Mecca’s leaders surrendered. Muhammad entered the city in triumph. He destroyed the idols in the Ka’aba and had the call to prayer made from its roof
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“In 632, Abu-Bakr became the first caliph (KAY•lihf), a title that means “successor” or “deputy."
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In 656, Uthman was murdered, starting a civil war in which various groups struggled for power.
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In 730, Emperor Leo III banned the use of icons, religious images used by Eastern Christians to aid their devotions.
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“By 750, the Muslim Empire stretched 6,000 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River.”
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When the Abbasids came to power in 750, they ruthlessly murdered the remaining members of the Umayyad family. One prince named Abd al-Rahman
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“In 1019, Vladimir’s son Yaroslav the Wise came to the throne and led Kiev to even greater glory. Like the rulers of Byzantium, Yaroslav skillfully married off his daughters and sisters to the kings and princes of Western Europe."
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“The Song rulers established a grand new capital at Hangzhou, a coastal city south of the Chang Jiang. Despite its military troubles, the dynasty of the Southern Song (1127–1279) saw rapid economic growth. The south had become the economic heartland “of China. Merchants in southern cities grew rich from trade with Chinese in the north, nomads of Central Asia, and people of western Asia and Europe."
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Henry was first succeeded first by his so Richard the Lion-hearted, hero of the 3rd Crusade. Richard died, his younger brother John took the throne, and he ruled from 1199.
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Henry was first succeeded first by his so Richard the Lion-hearted, hero of the 3rd Crusade. Richard died, his younger brother John took the throne, and he ruled from 1199.
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“In 1240, the Mongols attacked and demolished Kiev. They rode under the leadership of Batu Khan, Genghis’s grandson."
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“New ideas and forms of expression began to flow out of the universities. At a time when serious scholars and writers were writing in Latin, a few remarkable poets began using a lively vernacular, or the everyday language of their homeland."
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“In 1480, Ivan made a final break with the Mongols. After he refused to pay his rulers further tribute, Russian and Mongol armies faced eachother at the Ugra River, about 150 miles southwest of Moscow."
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“Wendi declared himself the first emperor of the Sui (sway) Dynasty. The dynasty lasted through only two emperors, from 581 to 618. The Sui emperors’ greatest accomplishment was the completion of the Grand Canal. This waterway connected the Huang He and the Chang Jiang. The canal provided a vital route for trade between the northern cities and the southern rice-producing region of the Chang delta
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“The Dome of the Rock, located in Jerusalem, is the earliest surviving Islamic monument. It was completed in 691 and is part of a larger complex, which is the third most holy place in Islam.
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Kiev Becomes Orthodox In 957, a member of the Kievan nobility, Princess Olga, paid a visit to Constantinople and publicly converted to Christianity. From 945 to 964, she governed Kiev until her son was old enough to rule.
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“As traders moved from fair to fair, they needed large amounts of cash or credit and ways to exchange many types of currencies. Enterprising merchants found ways to solve these problems. For example, bills of exchange established exchange rates between different coinage systems."
