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Also known as Henry the Navigator, Prince Henry was an explorer. He discovered much land and many islands that Portugese people settled.
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Yonglo was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty from 1402 to 1424. He stopped warring between Chinese tribes and made peace.
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Zheng He captained many voyages. His first one consisted of 317 ships and about 28,000 men. They sailed to Thailand, Asia, India, and other places around there.
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Donatello creates the statue of David which is the first free standing bronze statue of the Renaissance time. It was also the first statue of a nude man.
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The Turks attacked Constantinople for 50 days. They attacked it from all around like from the sea. They overtook the whole city then named it Istanbul.
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The Hundred Years' War was a civil war against France and England. It lasted over 100 years, but was just called Hundred Years' War by a historian. France won
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Johann invented a way to print many copies of 1 book instead of writing them all. He made it so that the books were cheaper and more people learned to read.
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Barolomeu was appointed the leader of an expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa. He accomplished it in about 4 months.
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They signed a treaty called the Treaty of Granada. The treaty gave a set of rights to the Moors, like religious tolerance and stuff.
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Christopher set sail on August 3rd 1492 with 3 ships-the Pinta, the Nina, and the Santa Maria. They landed in the Bahamas which they thought was India.
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The treaty was signed at Tordesillas that divided the newly discovered land outside Europe between Spain and Portugal.
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Vasco da Gama led a fleet around the southern tip of Africa and up to India. They were the first to sail that far in that area.
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Amerigo Vespucci mapped the coast of what is now America. He said that Christopher Columbus did not land in India, but America. It was named America after him!
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Leonardo Da Vinci started painting the Mona Lisa which was famous for its shadows and being very artistic. It took him 4 years to paint, but he was never technically finished with it.
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Hernando Cortez was sent to explore the New World. He landed in Mexico and explored it.
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Michelangelo was hired to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. It took him 4 years to paint and it consisted of a lot of 3d effects.
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Raphael paints his artwork called School of Athens, which has people that look exactly like they did back then and there identities were undeniable. Also, the painting has very good details and 3d shadowing.
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Machiavelli writes a book called The Prince. It talks in the book about becoming a prince and how you need to have force. It was published in 1532 which was 5 years after his death.
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Martin Luther finds problems with the church and he wants reformation. So he posts 95 problems with the church and starts a protestant reformation.
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in 1524, about 20 slaves revolted against their owners and caused many later slave revolts
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Francisco Pizarro met up with Atahualpa and wante him to help them in something, but Atahualpa refused and they started fighting, but Francisco won
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Ivan the Terrible came to throne when he was only three years old. At 16, he had himself crowned Czar. Also, later in life he went pretty crazy.
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Ignatius of Loyola was a knight that founded the Jesuit order. He experienced a vision of Mother Mary and made the Jesuit order because of it.
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Anne Boleyn was the second wife of Henry VIII. Henry VIII wanted a son, but Anne failed to give him one, so he decided to execute her. She was executed in 1536. Henry did not make a funeral or bury her right away, so her head and body laid there for a while. Then, a knight found an empty arrow box and put her head and body in that and was buried in an unmarked grave at a chapel.
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Edward VI was born on October 12th 1537. He was the king of England and Ireland until his death. He died on July 6th 1553 at the age of 15.
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Jacques Cartier sailed over to the New World and ended up in good ol' Canada. He sailed to the St. Lawrence River and found a waterway to North America.
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Philip II inherited all of these countries after his father Charles V retired to a monestary. He left his other lands to his brother Ferdinand. To him he left Austria and the Holy Roman Empire.
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Mary was almost not the Queen. A different person was the Queen first, but she assembled a force in england and had the queen beheaded. Mary became queen. Her nickname was bloody mary. She died in 1558 so she was queen for 2 years.
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Elizabethbecame queen on November 17th 1558. She was known for being the "virgin queen." She would always get what she wants by kind of flirting with men and then trick them. She died in 1603 at the age of 69.
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Philip launches the Spanish Armada, which was a large fleet of ships, against Protestant England. Although he was defeated, it still showed that he had wealth. He also had a big mansion built.
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The Edict of Nantes gave the Huguenots the right to live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities.
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The English East Company was founded some time in 1600 and traded mainly with the Natives and indians. They traded cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, and tea. It fell in 1874.
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The Dutch East India Company was the first major corporation and the first known business to use stocks. It later went bankrupt in 1800 and shut down.
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Don Quixote was published in 1605 and was the book that most people would say started the European Novel type of writing. It was about a poor Spanish nobleman who wanted to be a knight and was a little crazy.
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Henry Hudson was trying to find a water route through the Hudson Bay, but their ship froze in the water, so he waited until the ice melted to explore more. the crew wanted to go home so the mutinied him.
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William Shakespeare was famous for his playwriting. He wrote plays like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and many more. He married Anne Hathaway and had 3 kids. He died on April 23 1616 at the age of 52.
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The conflict started when the Protestants did not Ferdinand II and decided to challenge his power.
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Louis XIII ordered construction on the palace in about 1624 and took many years to complete. It stretched for about 500 yards.
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Charles I signed the Petition of Right so that he could get more money. But right after he signed it, he ignored it. He also dissolved parliament and imposed taxes on European people.
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Galileo published this book which compared the Copernican system with the Ptolemaic System. These systems were concerning the world and the solar system.
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This book is about the way to do scientific stuff and has many famous quotes like: "Therefore I am."
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The English Civil war was started between the people who were loysl to Charles (the cavaliers) and the people who were not loyal to him (the Roundheads). It ended in about 1649
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After Germany lost the war, it took great damage. The Peace of Westphalia ended the war and had important consequences. It weakened Spain and Austria, strengthened France, made German princes independent of the Holy Roman emperor, ended religious wars in Europe, and introduced a new method of peace negotiation.
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Thomas Hobbes writes in his book about what a proper government should be like and a lot about the social contract. it is important because it informs people on how a proper government should be which is commonly used today.
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New Netherlands surrendered New Amsterdam to the English. It became New York City.
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La Salle led a group across lake Erie and found the Mississippi. So he claimed it.
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The book was published into 3 seperate books. It is about the laws of gravity and planets and all that. It is important because it taught people about the laws.
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He joined the League of Augsburg , which was with the Hapsburg emporor, the kings of Sweden and Spain, and other rulers. They joined to equal about the power of France.
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in a constitutional monarchy, it limits the power of the ruler. the Bill of Rights lists most of them.
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Peter wanted to be more like western Europe, or westernization. So he went to western Europe as a normal European, not as a king, and saw all the ways of the people.
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Peter wanted a seaport that would make it easier to travel to the West, so he went to war with Sweden to get a piece of the Baltic coast. In 1703, he started buiilding St. Petersburg, before the war was even over.
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Gabriel Fahrenheit creates the Fahrenheit scale and creates a mercury thermometer. this is important today because most of the US, Canada, and Belize use it for temperature
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Fredrick II came to power in Prussia in 1740 and soon wanted the land of Silesia, which was owned by Maria Theresa. He went to war with her thinking she was a woman which would make it easy, but she won.
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Anders Celsius creates his temperature scale and it is called Celsius after him. This is important because the majority of the world uses it as its temperature scale.
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The Spirit of Laws was a book written by Montesquieu about the seperation of powers in a governent which is used all over the world today.
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Diderot publishes the first volumes of the Encyclopedia. Many people are informed on things today in encyclopedias, but are now starting to be taken over by computers.
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The Seven Years' War began sometime in 1754. It is also known as the French and Indian War. They were fighting for land that was good for trade.
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Mary Wollstonecraft was a philosipher. She gave many rights to women. She is important to us because without her, women would not be treated like normal people and unfairly.
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In Baccaria's essay on crimes and punishment, he wrote about torture and how it is never the right punishment. It is important because now they can't torture people for their crimes and must have the punishment appropriate for the crime.
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the Boston Tea Party was a rebellion in Boston because they would not take 3 shiploads of tea back to England, so the people started throwing the tea into the Boston Harbor. It is important today because it has inspired many rebellions and taught America that things can go wrong and helped with laws and stuff.
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The Declaration, witten by Thomas Jefferson, is a paper that tells our freedom as a country. This is important because it is proof that we are a free country and it made us officially independent.
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Britain and America were fighting for America's independence led by George Washington. Lord Cornwallis finally surrendered at Yorktown and America was independent
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Joseph II abolishes serfdom and makes everyone more equal in rights. It is important because of the equal rights that we still have today.
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The Delegates signing the Constitution showed that America was officially independent and was free. It is important because it made us a new country with a government and all that.
