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Kikuyu Tribe
They are a central Bantu community. They share common ancestry with the Embu, Kamba, Tharaka, Meru and Mbeere. Traditionally they inhabited the area around Mount Kenya, including the following counties: Murang'a, Nyeri, Kiambuu, Nyandarua, Kirinyaga and Nakuru. -
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India Independence Movement
The Indian independence movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending British rule in India. The first nationalistic revolutionary movement for Indian independence emerged from Bengal. -
Mohandas Ghandi
Gandhi was the leader of the Indian nationalist movement against British rule, and is widely considered the father of his country. His doctrine of non- violent protest to achieve political and social progress has been hugely influential. -
Jomo Kenyatta
He was the country's first president and played a significant role in the transformation of Kenya from a colony of the British Empire into an independent republic. Ideologically an African nationalist and conservative, he led the Kenya African National Union (KANU) party from 1961 until his death. -
Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress, is an Indian political party. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. -
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru was the first prime minister of India after it gained independence. He previously was one of the prominent leaders of the Indian National Congress, having attracted the country's intellectuals and youth into the mainstream of the movement. -
Constitutional Revolution
protest against a foreign director of customs (a Belgian) enforcing "with bureaucratic rigidity" the tariff collections to pay for a loan to another foreign source (Russians) that financed the extravagant tour of Europe. -
Muslim League
The Muslim League was founded in 1906 as an alternative political group to the Indian National Congress. It was created with the aim of representing the interests of Indian Muslims in a country made up of mostly Hindus. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who was also a member of Congress, was elected as president in 1916. -
Kwame Nkrumah
Francis Kwame Nkrumah (21 September 1909 – 27 April 1972) was a Ghanaian politician, political theorist, and revolutionary. He was the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana, having led the Gold Coast to independence from Britain in 1957. -
Satyagraha
a policy of passive political resistance, especially that advocated by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule in India. -
Balfour Declaration
The Balfour Declaration was the direct outcome of a sustained effort by the Zionist Organization to establish a Jewish State in Palestine. -
Nelson Mandula
Son of a chief, Nelson Mandela studied law and became one of South Africa's first black lawyers. Early in the 1950s he was elected leader of the youth wing of the ANC (African National Congress) liberation movement. -
Patrice Lumumba
He was the leader of the Congolese National Movement (MNC) from 1958 until his execution in January 1961. Ideologically an African nationalist and pan-Africanist, he played a significant role in the transformation of the Congo from a colony of Belgium into an independent republic. -
Civil Disobedience
The American philosopher John Rawls defined civil disobedience as a “public, nonviolent, conscientious yet political act contrary to law usually done with the aim of bringing about a change in the law or policies of the government”. the government asks you to violate your faith or your conscience, then civil disobedience may be appropriate. When there are unjust laws that diminish the lives of others, civil disobedience is probably appropriate. -
Salt March
The Salt March, which took place from March to April 1930 in India, was an act of civil disobedience led by Mohandas Gandhi to protest British rule in India. During the march, thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from his religious retreat near Ahmedabad to the Arabian Sea coast, a distance of some 240 miles. -
Detention Camps
prisioners that have sites for the hualcaust -
Quit India
In 1942 the Indian National Congress launched the Quit India movement. Led by Mahatma Gandhi, it used methods of non-violent resistance to demand freedom from British rule. Historian Sarah Ansari gives an overview of the movement and its influence on the struggle for Indian independence. -
Kenya Africa Union
was a political organization in colonial Kenya, formed in October 1944 prior to the appointment of the first African to sit in the Legislative Council. -
“The Shah”
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, commonly referred to as “the Shah,” governed Iran from 1953 through 1979 as a secular and authoritarian rule.. The Shah rose to power after his father was forced to step down, and the Shah's relationship with the U.S. flourished over time. -
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
was a barrister, politician and the founder of Pakistan, serving as the country's first governor-general from 1947 until his death in September 1948. Born in 1876 in Karachi into a wealthy merchant family, Jinnah studied law at Lincoln's Inn in London. -
Partition
to divide into parts or shares, to divide as a country into two or more territorial units having separate political status to separate or divide by a partition (such as a wall) -
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Ghana Independence Movement
Ghana became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and was led to independence by Kwame Nkrumah who transformed the country into a republic, with himself as president for life. -
Apartheid
Discrimination based on the color of skin and race is known as apartheid. Apartheid was a racist political and social system in South Africa during the era of white minority rule. It enforced racial discrimination against non-whites, mainly focused on skin color and facial features -
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South Africa Apartheid
The system of racial segregation and oppression in South Africa known as apartheid was implemented and enforced by many acts and other laws. This legislation served to institutionalize racial discrimination and the dominance by white people over people of other race -
Accra Riots
A protest march by unarmed ex-servicemen who were agitating for their benefits as veterans of World War II was broken up by police, leaving three leaders of the group dead. -
Israel Formation Date
David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel. U.S. President Harry S. Truman recognized the new nation on the same day. -
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The principle of universality of human rights is the cornerstone of international human rights law. This means that we are all equally entitled to our human rights. This principle, as first emphasized in the UDHR, is repeated in many international human rights conventions, declarations, and resolutions. -
Pan Africanism
was the attempt to create a sense of brotherhood and collaboration among all people of African descent whether they lived inside or outside of Africa. The themes raised in this excerpt connect to the aspirations of people, the values of European culture, and the world of African colonies. -
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Mau Mau Rebellion
Advocated violent resistance to British domination in Kenya; the movement was especially associated with the ritual oaths employed by leaders of the Kikuyu Central Association to promote unity in the independence movement. -
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Cuban Revolution
The Cuban Revolution (Spanish: Revolución Cubana) was a military and political effort to overthrow the government of Cuba between 1953 and 1959. It began after the 1952 Cuban coup d'état which placed Fulgencio Batista as head of state and the failed mass strike in opposition that followed. -
National Liberation Front
Vietnamese political organization formed on December 20, 1960, to effect the overthrow of the South Vietnamese government and the reunification of North and South Vietnam -
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Algerian War for Independence
It was a major armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (French: Front de Libération Nationale – FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. -
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Congo Independence Movement
A nationalist movement in the Belgian Congo demanded the end of colonial rule: this led to the country's independence on 30 June 1960. Minimal preparations had been made and many issues, such as federalism, tribalism, and ethnic nationalism, remained unresolved. -
Fidel Castro
was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008. -
Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Lumumba was captured and imprisoned en route by state authorities under Mobutu. He was handed over to Katangan authorities, and executed in the presence of Katangan and Belgian officials and military officers. His body was thrown into a shallow grave, but later dug up and destroyed. -
Evian Accords
Was a set of peace treaties by France and the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic, the government-in-exile of which sought Algeria's independence from France. -
London Conference 1962
mandate in a population -
White Revolution
The reforms, undertaken by Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, upended the wealth and influence of the traditional landowning classes, altered rural economies, and led to rapid urbanization and Westernization. -
PLO
he Palestine Liberation Organization is a Palestinian nationalist political and militant organization founded in 1964 with the initial purpose of establishing Arab unity and statehood over the territory of former Mandatory Palestine, in opposition to the State of Israel. -
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Cambodian Civil War
Cambodia was engaged in a bloody civil war. The war pitted the Cambodian monarchy, and later the Cambodian Republic, and its allies, including the United States, against the Cambodian communists. The communists received support from the neighboring Vietcong. -
Six Day War
War between Israel and the Arab countries of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan. Palestinian guerrilla attacks on Israel from bases in Syria led to increased hostility between the two countries. A series of miscalculations by both sides followed. -
Khmer Rouge
The Khmer Rouge was a brutal regime that ruled Cambodia, under the leadership of Marxist dictator Pol Pot, from 1975 to 1979. Pol Pot's attempts to create a Cambodian “master race” through social engineering ultimately led to the deaths of more than 2 million people in the Southeast Asian country. -
Ayatollah Khomeni
The Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led an Islamic revolution in Iran, took the country away from the political leader called the Shah, and ran Iran as a theocracy from 1979 until his death in 1989. -
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Iranian Revolution
popular uprising in Iran in 1978–79 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on February 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an Islamic republic -
Hostage Crisis
The Iran hostage crisis was an international crisis that began in November 1979 when militants seized 66 U.S. citizens in Tehrān and held 52 of them hostage for more than a year. -
Palestine
The history of the State of Palestine describes the creation and evolution of the State of Palestine in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. During the Mandatory period, numerous plans of partition of Palestine were proposed but without the agreement of all parties. -
Pol Pot
was the leader of the Khmer Rouge. He was born Saloth Sar to farmers in rural Cambodia in 1925. Pol Pot was a bright student and spent time studying in France, where he became involved with communist groups in the early 1950s