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industrial revolution
was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the times. -
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toussaint l' ouverture
was the leader of the Haitian Revolution. His military genius and political acumen led to the establishment of the independent black state of Haiti, transforming an entire society of slaves into a free, self-governing people -
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French and indian war
the war between Great Britain and France in North America -
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seven years war
was a global military conflict between 1756 and 1763, involving most of the great powers of the time affecting North and Central America, Europe, the West African coast, India and the Philippines. -
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watt steam engine
was the first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum. -
invention of the spinning jenny
is a multi-spool spinning frame. It was invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves in Stanhill, Oswaldtwistle near Blackburn, Lancashire in England. The device reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once. This grew to 120 as technology advanced. -
invention of the water frame
is the name given to the spinning frame, when water power is used to drive it. Both are credited to Richard Arkwright who patented the technology in 1768 -
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louis XVI of france and marie antoinette
ruled as King of France hen Suspended and arrested as part of the insurrection of 10 August during the French Revolution, he was tried by the National Convention, found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793 -
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american revolution
was a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended with american independence -
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french revolution
was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years. French society underwent an epic transformation as feudal, aristocratic and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from liberal political groups and the masses on the streets. Old ideas about hierarchy and tradition succumbed to new Enlightenment principles of citizenship and inalienable rights. -
storming of the bastille
The medieval fortress and prison in Paris known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris. While the prison only contained seven inmates at the time of its storming, its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution. In France, Le quatorze juillet (14 July) is a public holiday,It is usually called Bastille Day in English. -
declaration of the rights of man
is a fundamental document of the French Revolution, defining the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal. -
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haitian revolution
was a period of conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic. -
cotton gin
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napoleon
was a military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815 -
british abolition of slavery
slavery abolished in britian -
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mexican revolution
was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and the Spanish colonial authorities which started on 16 September 1810. The movement, which became known as the Mexican War of Independence, was led by Mexican-born Spaniards, Mestizos and Amerindians who sought independence from Spain. -
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congress of vienna
The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. -
battle of waterloo
An Imperial French army under the command of Emperor Napoleon was defeated by combined armies of the Seventh Coalition, an Anglo-Allied army under the command of the Duke of Wellington combined with a Prussian army under the command of Gebhard von Blücher. It was the culminating battle of the Waterloo Campaign and Napoleon's last. The defeat at Waterloo put an end to Napoleon's rule as Emperor of the French and marked the end of his Hundred Days' return from exile. -
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brazilian independence
a series of political events occurred in 1821–1823, most of which involved disputes between Brazil and Portugal regarding the call for independence presented by the Brazilian Kingdom. -
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greek independence
was a successful war of independence waged by the Greek revolutionaries between 1821 and 1830, with later assistance from several European powers, against the Ottoman Empire -
dissloution of the janissaries
abolished by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826 with the Auspicious Incident -
end of atlantic slave trade
slavery completely abolished -
the great trek
an afrikaner trek off into the interior in search of greater independence from britian -
telegraph
in 1836 an American scientist, Dr. David Alter, invented the first known American electric telegraph -
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opium wars
Victory of the Western powers over China, resulting in the Treaty of Nanking and the Treaties of Tientsin -
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revolutions in austria, germany, hungary, and italy
Much of the revolutionary activity was of a nationalist character: the empire, ruled from Vienna, included Austrian Germans, Hungarians, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ruthenians, Romanians, Croats, Italians, and Serbs, all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other national -
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taiping rebellion
was a widespread civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, against the ruling Qing Dynasty. About 20 million people died, mainly civilians, in one of the deadliest military conflicts in history. -
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opening of japan
matthew perry ordered the opening of borders to u.s trade -
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crimean war
was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. -
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sepoy rebellion
indian rebellion against british -
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british takeover of india
the period of British colonial rule in india -
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suez canal
also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. -
emancipation of the russian serfs
was the first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. The reform, together with a related reform in 1861, amounted to the liquidation of serf dependence previously suffered by peasants of the Russian Empire. In some of its parts, the serfdom was abolished earlier. -
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meiji restoration
The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure -
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imperialization of africa
was a process of invasion, attack, occupation, and annexation of African territory by European powers -
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boxer rebellion
was a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony" (known as "Boxers" in English), in China between 1898 and 1901, opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. -
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panama canal
is a ship canal in Panama that joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and is a key conduit for international maritime trade. -
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overthrow of qing dynasty
led to the downfall of the Qing Dynasty -
african national congress founded
is South Africa's governing democratic party -
aswan dam completed
The High Dam was constructed between 1960 and 1970. It aimed to increase economic production by further regulating the annual river flooding and providing storage of water for agriculture, and later, to generate hydroelectricity. The dam has had a significant impact on the economy and culture of Egypt.