-
Cultural Diffusion
high interraction with mesoamerica -
A Persian dynasty rivalling the Roman and Byzantine Empires. Considered one of the most important eras of what is now Iran.
-
imperial capital of roman empire,byzantine/eastern roman empire, latin empire, and ottoman empire
-
The Greek part of the Roman Empire, after Rome split. The empire went though a decline and a revitalization before the Constantinople was finally captured by the Turks.
-
Muhammad, a trader by, um, trade, is seen as having been the last prophet of God.
-
political views differ
islamic and pakastanian -
Period in which Muslims take control of Spain and advance to India, but fail to take Constantinople in two attacks.
-
After the Roman Empire fell, Muslims moved in and took over. After a while, King Phillip II made Islam illegal.
-
Reasonably tolerant; diverse population
-
Adopted the Mohammedan region, formed Seljuk Empire. Defeated Byzantine emperor at the Battle of Manzikert, and captured Jerusalem, which led to the First Crusade. Overthrown by Othman, who later formed the Ottoman Empire.
-
Roman Catholic
Restore control of the Holy Land
After East -West Schism and before Protestant reformation -
Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria. Led Islamic resistance against the European Crusaders. Recaptured Palestine.
-
Prominent Mongol warrior who brought tribes together and built an Empire based on military prowess.
-
The efforts of Genghis Khan led the Mongols to create an Empire consisting of Russia, China, and most of the land in between.
-
proclaim certain liberties
non-serf -
profound cultural influences on West Empire
Customs spread through the Niger River
Taxed all gold and salt that entered the borders -
A slave dynasty in Egypt who stopped the Mongols' movement in that region.
-
malian empire
territory from ghana empire -
Turkic conquerer of Western, South, and Central Asia and founder of the Timurid Empire. Sought to restor the Mongol Empire.
-
house of Valois vs. hous of Plantagenet for french throne
-
Located in western africa-Located around the Niger River
independent gold fields
Very strong trade kingdom -
Followed the collapse of the Mongol-yuan Empire
one of the greatest eras of orderly goverment and social ability
last dynasty ruled by the Han
Has a vast navy and a army of one million troops -
Diplomat,fleet admiral, and Hui-Chinese mariner
commanded voyages to southest asia, south asia, middle east, and east africa -
Junior Prince of the Kingdom of Portugal.Responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents.Founder of the Aviz dynasty.Fascinated with Africa, helped Gil Eanes, the commander of one of Henry's expeditions, become the first European known to pass Cape Bojador in 1434.
-
Intellectual Transformation
Cultural movement
Bridge from middle age to modern era -
lawsuit because of lead type molds
oil-based ink
Gutenberg Bible -
A Portuguese explorer.Commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India.Considered one of the most successfulexplorers in the Age of Discovery.Governor of Portuguese India under the title of Viceroy for a short period of time.
-
Military adventurer from Central Asia who rose to power at Kabul. Essentially laid the basis for the Mughal Empire. Descendant of Timur through his father, and Genghis Khan through his mother. Responsible for the expansion of Persian cultural influence in the Indian subcontinent.
-
mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic,
contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World -
begun with Columbus' expedition to the New World
preceded by Vikings in the 11th century
Spanish and the Portuguese
European colonization led to the decimation of the native population, leading to the destruction of many civilizations. -
A historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Transatlantic slave trade carried slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean/American colonies and the Europe Ex. Sugar Trade: Sugar to Europe, distilled to rum, Rum to Africa, traded for slaves, Slaves to America, used to attain more sugar. A method for rectifying trade imbalances between regions.
-
It was an Islamic Empire was strong enough to challenge the Ottomans in the west and the Mughals in the east
It covered all of Iran, and parts of Turkey and Georgia
It suppressed all religions except Shi'a
The Empire declined when it became complacent and corrupt -
First he went to the island of Santo Domingo
He became mayor of Santiago de Cuba and stayed there until 1518
He became friends with the aztecs
He took Montezuma hostage and asked for a huge ransom of gold and jewels
He was made governor and captain general of New Spain in 1523 -
It reformed the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church
Ended the unity imposed by medieval Christianity
Martin Luther posted 95 theses on the church door in the university town of Wittenberg
Luther argued that the Bible, not the pope, was the central means to discern God’s word
Lutherism was created -
Magellan was a Portuguese sea captain
He was the first to sail around the world
Dicovered how big the Pacific Ocean really is
Studied Columbus's maps
He was killed when he took part in a battle between rival Filipino groups on the island of Mactan -
South Asia that ruled a large portion of the Indian subcontinent
Descendants of the Timurids,
The Empire was marked by a highly centralized administration connecting the different regions
Declined rapidly weakened by wars of succession, agrarian crises fueling local revolts, religious intolerance, rise of the Maratha, Durrani, and Sikh empires and British colonialism. -
The intellectual movement in Europe
initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics
that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science. -
An Italian Jesuit priest, one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China Mission. Explained Christianity through Chinese concepts, thus introducing Christianity in a revolutionary way. Indirectly influenced and helped shape the foundation of the Silhak movement in Korea.
-
The Tokugawa Shogunate was a feudal military dictatorship in Japan
It was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu
Their religion was Buddhism and Shinto
Its emperors were Go
Yozei and Meiji
Its Shoguns were Tokugawa Ieyasu and Yoshinobu
It was abolished during the Meiji Restoration. -
He was an Italian physicist and astronomer-He built the telescope
He found that the Moon was not smooth, but mountainous and pitted
Believed in Copernicus' theory that Earth and all other planets revolve around the Sun
He was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1633 because he "was going against the church" with his work -
The last ruling dynasty of China. Preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China. Became highly integrated with Chinese culture. Overthrown following the Xinhai Revolution, when the Empress Dowager Longyu abdicated on behalf of the last emperor, Puyi, on February 12, 1912.
-
The first route carried fish, lumber, and other goods from New England to the West Indies
From the West Indies merchants carried the rum, along with guns, gunpowder, and tools to West Africa
Here, they traded these items for slaves,
they carried the slaves to the West Indies where they were sold
The slaves were treated badly and lived in harsh conditions -
He centralised government
He modernised the army
He created a navy and increased the subjugation and subjection of the peasants
Challanged Golitsin and removed both Sophia and Golitsin from power and ruled as Russia’s sole leader -
Era in Western philosophy in which reason was advocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority. Developed simultaneously in France, Great Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the American colonies. Culminated in the Atlantic Revolutions (especially the successful American Revolution). Less a set of ideas than it was a set of values, not really a school of thought or movement, but rather a simultaneous creation of new ideas
-
Toussaint-Louverture was the leader of the Haitian Revolution
military genius
establishment of the independent black state of Haiti, transforming an entire society of slaves into a free, self-governing people. -
Great Britain and France in North America
1754 to 1763
Seven Years' War. -
ruled 1774 until 1791
King of the French from 1791 to 1792
Suspended and arrested as part of the insurrection of the 10th of August during the French Revolution, he was tried by the National Convention, found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793
He is the only king of France ever to be executed -
global military conflict between 1756 and 1763
affecting North and Central America, Europe, the West African coast, India and the Philippines -
first steam engine to make use of steam that it produced
-
The spinning jenny is a multi-spool spinning frame
James Hargreaves in England
reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once. -
name given to the spinning frame
water power is used to drive it
credited to Richard Arkwright -patented the technology in 1768. -
military and political leader
he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815 -
political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century
thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire -
The Storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris
Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris -
fundamental document of the French Revolution
individual and collective rights of all the estates
Influenced by the doctrine of natural rights
the rights of man are universal -
The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years.
-
period of conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue
elimination of slavery
founding of the Haitian republic -
quickly and easily separates the cotton fibers from the seeds
The fibers are processed into cotton goods
seeds may be used to grow more cotton, to produce cottonseed oil, or, if they are badly damaged, are disposed of. -
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the times.
-
"An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade". This act stopped the slave trade in Britain.
-
transmitting and receiving messages over long distances telegraph alone now generally refers to an electrical telegraph
-
1810–1821
Mexico and the Spanish colonial authorities -
The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
-
end to Napoleon's rule as Emperor of the French
marked the end of his Hundred Days' return from exile -
also known as the Greek Revolution
Greek revolutionaries between 1821 and 1830
assistance from several European powers against the Ottoman Empire, who were assisted by the Eyalet of Egypt and partly the Vilayet of Tunisia. -
political events occurred in 1821–1823
involved disputes between Brazil and Portugal regarding the call for independence -
A law freed all slaves brought in illegally after its passage and gave heavy fines on violators
Denmark, Britain, and the United States all banned the importation of slaves -
Anglo-Chinese Wars
First Opium War from 1839 to 1842
Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860
disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire -
southern China from 1850 to 1864
led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan against the ruling Qing Dynasty
About 20 million people died, mainly civilians, in one of the deadliest military conflicts in history. -
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire
-
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to Company power in that region, and it was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858.
-
first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia
liquidation of serf dependence previously suffered by peasants of the Russian Empire -
The Suez Canal is a sea-level waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea It allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without going around Africa
-
Non-Violence
Leader of Indian Independence Movement
Lawyer and risistant to tyrrany -
Leader of CHinese Revolution
Founding Father of Peoples Republic of China
Theories of Mao and his communist beliefs -
politicalorganizations
Philosophies
movements -
By the early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun and continuously grown, disrupting the Qing Dynasty Rule over China.
-
Assassination of archduke Ferdinand
Allies v. Axis -
joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Built from 1904 to 1914, annual traffic has risen from about 1,000 ships -
Destroyed Tsarist autocracy
Creation of Soviet Union
Bolshevik Goverment -
WW1 fought because of a moral cause
Freedom of the seas
no more secret diplomacy -
one of the Peace treaties to end WW1
Germany accepting the cost of ALL damages -
World-Wide
Originated in U.S because of stock market crash
personal income, prices, profits, and tax revnue dropped -
paris peace conference
maintain world peace
lacked its own armed force -
Chancellor
Facism in Europe
Holocaust-Nazi party -
Allies V. Axis
Only use of nuclear weapons in warfare
Holocaust
Capture of berlin-ended in europe -
Communist world V. Western World
Soviet Union created Eastern Bloc
US and USSR disagreed of post-war occupation of Europe -
Chinese Nationilist Party V. Republic of China V. Communist Party of China
Split into to two parts- Republic of China( Taiwan) and Peoples Republic of China(mainland China) -
Independent muslim state
started in northern india -
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Mutual Defence
They protect ea other -
South Korea(United Nation) V. North Korea (Peoples Republic of China)
38 parrellel -
Treaty of friendship
USSR
Response to NATO
Paris Pacts -
Communist Party of China
Trying to turn to modern communist society
agricultural Collectivization -
built by German Democratic Rpublic
death strip-anti-vehicle
Soviet dominated Eastern Bloc
protect people from facsist elements -
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful action by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with support and encouragement from the US government, in an attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro
-
Brink-of-war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the latter’s placement of nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba that lasted from october 1962 to november 1962.
-
Peronists
Eva Duarte
Peronismo-Justicialst party -
Political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by the Soviet Union and western European countries
-
The Iranian Revolution (Islamic Revolution or 1979 Revolution) refers to events involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution
-
The Iran-Iraq War was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the longest conventional war of the twentieth century. It was initially referred to in English as the "Persian Gulf War" prior to the "Gulf War" of 1990.
-
Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life
-
the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany
Berlin reunited into a single city
The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity -
soviet union dissolved in 1991
rapid economic development
communist party
Theory of productive forces -
Nelson Mandela served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999
first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election
Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress -
coordinated suicide attacks by Al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001. On that morning, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing everyone on board and many others working in the buildings. Both towers collapsed within two hours, destroying nearby buildings
-
Mikhail Gorbachev-leader of the USSR
attempt to modernize the economy and make the Communist Party more democratic
breakup of the USSR and the end of the one-party Communist rule
collapse of the well-known Iron Curtain and the end of the Communist rule -
The Aswan Dam is an embankment dam situated across the aimed to increase economic production by further regulating the annual river flooding and providing storage of water for agriculture, and later, to generate hydroelectricity. The dam has had a significant impact on the economy and culture of Egypt.
-
Unified china in the 6th century.Prededed northern and southern dynasties.
-
Imperial Dyneasty of china
Preceded by the Sui Dynasty
Equal/surpassed the Han Dynasty-a goldden age -
Followed by the Yuan Dynasty
First goverment to use banknotes or paper money
First use of gunpowder -
Gold, ivory trade, and salt -traded to north afriaca, middle east, and europe for manufactured goods
complex societies
encouraged territorial expansion for trade routes -
Division of land
Eastern part streched from Eider River in the north of the mediteranean coast in the south -
Christian period in Russia, led by Vladimir, Grand Duke of Kiev. It was ended when Mongols destroyed Kiev.