-
Period: 250 to
Classic Mayan Civilization
Cultural Diffusion
high interraction with mesoamerica -
Period: 254 to May 8, 651
Sasanid Empire
A Persian dynasty rivalling the Roman and Byzantine Empires. Considered one of the most important eras of what is now Iran. -
324
Constantinople
imperial capital of roman empire,byzantine/eastern roman empire, latin empire, and ottoman empire -
Period: 330 to May 8, 1453
Byzantine Empire
The Greek part of the Roman Empire, after Rome split. The empire went though a decline and a revitalization before the Constantinople was finally captured by the Turks. -
May 8, 622
Foundation of Islam
Muhammad, a trader by, um, trade, is seen as having been the last prophet of God. -
Apr 8, 632
split between Sunni and Shi'ite
political views differ
islamic and pakastanian -
Period: May 8, 661 to May 8, 751
Umayyad Caliphate
Period in which Muslims take control of Spain and advance to India, but fail to take Constantinople in two attacks. -
Period: May 8, 711 to May 8, 1492
Muslims conquer Spain
After the Roman Empire fell, Muslims moved in and took over. After a while, King Phillip II made Islam illegal. -
Period: May 8, 750 to May 8, 1258
Abbasid caliphate
Reasonably tolerant; diverse population -
Period: May 8, 1017 to May 8, 1325
Seljuk Turks
Adopted the Mohammedan region, formed Seljuk Empire. Defeated Byzantine emperor at the Battle of Manzikert, and captured Jerusalem, which led to the First Crusade. Overthrown by Othman, who later formed the Ottoman Empire. -
Period: Apr 8, 1095 to Apr 8, 1291
Crusades
Roman Catholic
Restore control of the Holy Land
After East -West Schism and before Protestant reformation -
Period: May 8, 1138 to May 8, 1193
Saladin
Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria. Led Islamic resistance against the European Crusaders. Recaptured Palestine. -
Period: May 8, 1162 to May 8, 1227
Genghis Khan
Prominent Mongol warrior who brought tribes together and built an Empire based on military prowess. -
Period: May 8, 1206 to May 8, 1324
Mongol invasions
The efforts of Genghis Khan led the Mongols to create an Empire consisting of Russia, China, and most of the land in between. -
Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
proclaim certain liberties
non-serf -
Period: Apr 8, 1230 to
Mali Empire
profound cultural influences on West Empire
Customs spread through the Niger River
Taxed all gold and salt that entered the borders -
Period: May 8, 1250 to May 8, 1517
Mamluks
A slave dynasty in Egypt who stopped the Mongols' movement in that region. -
Period: Apr 11, 1312 to Apr 11, 1337
Mansa Musa
malian empire
territory from ghana empire -
Period: May 8, 1336 to May 8, 1405
Timur
Turkic conquerer of Western, South, and Central Asia and founder of the Timurid Empire. Sought to restor the Mongol Empire. -
Period: Apr 8, 1337 to Apr 8, 1453
Hundred Years War
house of Valois vs. hous of Plantagenet for french throne -
Period: Apr 8, 1340 to
Songhai empire
Located in western africa-Located around the Niger River
independent gold fields
Very strong trade kingdom -
Period: Apr 8, 1368 to
Ming Empire
Followed the collapse of the Mongol-yuan Empire
one of the greatest eras of orderly goverment and social ability
last dynasty ruled by the Han
Has a vast navy and a army of one million troops -
Period: Apr 8, 1375 to Apr 8, 1435
Zheng He
Diplomat,fleet admiral, and Hui-Chinese mariner
commanded voyages to southest asia, south asia, middle east, and east africa -
Period: Apr 25, 1394 to Apr 25, 1460
Henry the Navigator
Junior Prince of the Kingdom of Portugal.Responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents.Founder of the Aviz dynasty.Fascinated with Africa, helped Gil Eanes, the commander of one of Henry's expeditions, become the first European known to pass Cape Bojador in 1434. -
Period: Apr 8, 1400 to
Renaissance
Intellectual Transformation
Cultural movement
Bridge from middle age to modern era -
Apr 8, 1436
Gutenberg press
lawsuit because of lead type molds
oil-based ink
Gutenberg Bible -
Period: Apr 25, 1469 to Apr 25, 1524
vasco de gama
A Portuguese explorer.Commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India.Considered one of the most successfulexplorers in the Age of Discovery.Governor of Portuguese India under the title of Viceroy for a short period of time. -
Period: May 8, 1483 to May 8, 1531
Babur
Military adventurer from Central Asia who rose to power at Kabul. Essentially laid the basis for the Mughal Empire. Descendant of Timur through his father, and Genghis Khan through his mother. Responsible for the expansion of Persian cultural influence in the Indian subcontinent. -
Period: Apr 25, 1492 to Apr 25, 1503
Christopher Columbus
mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic,
contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World -
May 8, 1492
Colonies of the New World
begun with Columbus' expedition to the New World
preceded by Vikings in the 11th century
Spanish and the Portuguese
European colonization led to the decimation of the native population, leading to the destruction of many civilizations. -
May 8, 1492
Triangle Trade
A historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Transatlantic slave trade carried slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean/American colonies and the Europe Ex. Sugar Trade: Sugar to Europe, distilled to rum, Rum to Africa, traded for slaves, Slaves to America, used to attain more sugar. A method for rectifying trade imbalances between regions. -
Period: Apr 25, 1501 to
Safavid Empire
It was an Islamic Empire was strong enough to challenge the Ottomans in the west and the Mughals in the east
It covered all of Iran, and parts of Turkey and Georgia
It suppressed all religions except Shi'a
The Empire declined when it became complacent and corrupt -
Period: Apr 25, 1504 to Apr 25, 1539
Hernan Empire
First he went to the island of Santo Domingo
He became mayor of Santiago de Cuba and stayed there until 1518
He became friends with the aztecs
He took Montezuma hostage and asked for a huge ransom of gold and jewels
He was made governor and captain general of New Spain in 1523 -
Period: Apr 25, 1517 to
Protestant Reformation
It reformed the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church
Ended the unity imposed by medieval Christianity
Martin Luther posted 95 theses on the church door in the university town of Wittenberg
Luther argued that the Bible, not the pope, was the central means to discern God’s word
Lutherism was created -
Period: Apr 25, 1519 to Apr 25, 1522
Ferdinand Magellan
Magellan was a Portuguese sea captain
He was the first to sail around the world
Dicovered how big the Pacific Ocean really is
Studied Columbus's maps
He was killed when he took part in a battle between rival Filipino groups on the island of Mactan -
Period: Apr 25, 1526 to
mughal empire
South Asia that ruled a large portion of the Indian subcontinent
Descendants of the Timurids,
The Empire was marked by a highly centralized administration connecting the different regions
Declined rapidly weakened by wars of succession, agrarian crises fueling local revolts, religious intolerance, rise of the Maratha, Durrani, and Sikh empires and British colonialism. -
Apr 25, 1543
Scientific Revolution
The intellectual movement in Europe
initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics
that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science. -
Period: May 8, 1552 to
Matteo Ricci
An Italian Jesuit priest, one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China Mission. Explained Christianity through Chinese concepts, thus introducing Christianity in a revolutionary way. Indirectly influenced and helped shape the foundation of the Silhak movement in Korea. -
Period: to
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa Shogunate was a feudal military dictatorship in Japan
It was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu
Their religion was Buddhism and Shinto
Its emperors were Go
Yozei and Meiji
Its Shoguns were Tokugawa Ieyasu and Yoshinobu
It was abolished during the Meiji Restoration. -
Period: to
galileo
He was an Italian physicist and astronomer-He built the telescope
He found that the Moon was not smooth, but mountainous and pitted
Believed in Copernicus' theory that Earth and all other planets revolve around the Sun
He was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1633 because he "was going against the church" with his work -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
The last ruling dynasty of China. Preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China. Became highly integrated with Chinese culture. Overthrown following the Xinhai Revolution, when the Empress Dowager Longyu abdicated on behalf of the last emperor, Puyi, on February 12, 1912. -
Period: to
Triangle trade
The first route carried fish, lumber, and other goods from New England to the West Indies
From the West Indies merchants carried the rum, along with guns, gunpowder, and tools to West Africa
Here, they traded these items for slaves,
they carried the slaves to the West Indies where they were sold
The slaves were treated badly and lived in harsh conditions -
Period: to
Peter the great
He centralised government
He modernised the army
He created a navy and increased the subjugation and subjection of the peasants
Challanged Golitsin and removed both Sophia and Golitsin from power and ruled as Russia’s sole leader -
Period: to
Enlightenment
Era in Western philosophy in which reason was advocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority. Developed simultaneously in France, Great Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the American colonies. Culminated in the Atlantic Revolutions (especially the successful American Revolution). Less a set of ideas than it was a set of values, not really a school of thought or movement, but rather a simultaneous creation of new ideas -
Period: to
Toussaint Louverture
Toussaint-Louverture was the leader of the Haitian Revolution
military genius
establishment of the independent black state of Haiti, transforming an entire society of slaves into a free, self-governing people. -
Period: to
French-indian War
Great Britain and France in North America
1754 to 1763
Seven Years' War. -
Period: to
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
ruled 1774 until 1791
King of the French from 1791 to 1792
Suspended and arrested as part of the insurrection of the 10th of August during the French Revolution, he was tried by the National Convention, found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793
He is the only king of France ever to be executed -
Period: to
Seven Years' War
global military conflict between 1756 and 1763
affecting North and Central America, Europe, the West African coast, India and the Philippines -
Watt Steam engine
first steam engine to make use of steam that it produced -
Spinning Jenny
The spinning jenny is a multi-spool spinning frame
James Hargreaves in England
reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once. -
Water frame
name given to the spinning frame
water power is used to drive it
credited to Richard Arkwright -patented the technology in 1768. -
Period: to
Napoleon
military and political leader
he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815 -
Period: to
American Revolution
political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century
thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire -
Storming of Bastille
The Storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris
Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
fundamental document of the French Revolution
individual and collective rights of all the estates
Influenced by the doctrine of natural rights
the rights of man are universal -
Period: to
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
period of conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue
elimination of slavery
founding of the Haitian republic -
Whitneys Cotton Gin
quickly and easily separates the cotton fibers from the seeds
The fibers are processed into cotton goods
seeds may be used to grow more cotton, to produce cottonseed oil, or, if they are badly damaged, are disposed of. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the times. -
Britain outlaws Slave Trade
"An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade". This act stopped the slave trade in Britain. -
Invention of Telegraph
transmitting and receiving messages over long distances telegraph alone now generally refers to an electrical telegraph -
Mexican Independence
1810–1821
Mexico and the Spanish colonial authorities -
Period: to
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire -
Waterloo
end to Napoleon's rule as Emperor of the French
marked the end of his Hundred Days' return from exile -
Greek Independence
also known as the Greek Revolution
Greek revolutionaries between 1821 and 1830
assistance from several European powers against the Ottoman Empire, who were assisted by the Eyalet of Egypt and partly the Vilayet of Tunisia. -
Brizilian Independence
political events occurred in 1821–1823
involved disputes between Brazil and Portugal regarding the call for independence -
End of atlantic Slave Trade
A law freed all slaves brought in illegally after its passage and gave heavy fines on violators
Denmark, Britain, and the United States all banned the importation of slaves -
Period: to
opium War
Anglo-Chinese Wars
First Opium War from 1839 to 1842
Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860
disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
southern China from 1850 to 1864
led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan against the ruling Qing Dynasty
About 20 million people died, mainly civilians, in one of the deadliest military conflicts in history. -
Period: to
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire -
Period: to
Sepoy Rebellion
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to Company power in that region, and it was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858. -
Emancipation of Russian Serfs
first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia
liquidation of serf dependence previously suffered by peasants of the Russian Empire -
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is a sea-level waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea It allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without going around Africa -
Period: to
Ghandi
Non-Violence
Leader of Indian Independence Movement
Lawyer and risistant to tyrrany -
Period: to
Mao Zedong & Maoism
Leader of CHinese Revolution
Founding Father of Peoples Republic of China
Theories of Mao and his communist beliefs -
Period: to
Indian Independence
politicalorganizations
Philosophies
movements -
Period: to
Overthrow of Qing Dynasty
By the early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun and continuously grown, disrupting the Qing Dynasty Rule over China. -
Period: to
WW1
Assassination of archduke Ferdinand
Allies v. Axis -
Panama Canal
joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Built from 1904 to 1914, annual traffic has risen from about 1,000 ships -
Russian Revolution
Destroyed Tsarist autocracy
Creation of Soviet Union
Bolshevik Goverment -
Wilson's 14-point plan
WW1 fought because of a moral cause
Freedom of the seas
no more secret diplomacy -
Treaty of Versailles
one of the Peace treaties to end WW1
Germany accepting the cost of ALL damages -
Period: to
Great Depression
World-Wide
Originated in U.S because of stock market crash
personal income, prices, profits, and tax revnue dropped -
Period: to
League of Nations
paris peace conference
maintain world peace
lacked its own armed force -
Period: to
Hitler in power
Chancellor
Facism in Europe
Holocaust-Nazi party -
Period: to
WW2
Allies V. Axis
Only use of nuclear weapons in warfare
Holocaust
Capture of berlin-ended in europe -
Period: to
Cold War
Communist world V. Western World
Soviet Union created Eastern Bloc
US and USSR disagreed of post-war occupation of Europe -
Period: to
Chinese Civil War
Chinese Nationilist Party V. Republic of China V. Communist Party of China
Split into to two parts- Republic of China( Taiwan) and Peoples Republic of China(mainland China) -
Creation of Pakistan
Independent muslim state
started in northern india -
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Mutual Defence
They protect ea other -
Period: to
Korean War
South Korea(United Nation) V. North Korea (Peoples Republic of China)
38 parrellel -
Period: to
Warsaw pact
Treaty of friendship
USSR
Response to NATO
Paris Pacts -
Period: to
Great Leap Forward
Communist Party of China
Trying to turn to modern communist society
agricultural Collectivization -
Period: to
Berlin Wall
built by German Democratic Rpublic
death strip-anti-vehicle
Soviet dominated Eastern Bloc
protect people from facsist elements -
Period: to
Bay of pigs Invasion
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful action by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with support and encouragement from the US government, in an attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro -
Period: to
Cuban Missle Crisis
Brink-of-war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the latter’s placement of nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba that lasted from october 1962 to november 1962. -
Period: to
Juan Peron
Peronists
Eva Duarte
Peronismo-Justicialst party -
Helsinki Accords
Political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by the Soviet Union and western European countries -
Period: to
Islamic Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (Islamic Revolution or 1979 Revolution) refers to events involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution -
Period: to
Iran-Iraq War
The Iran-Iraq War was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the longest conventional war of the twentieth century. It was initially referred to in English as the "Persian Gulf War" prior to the "Gulf War" of 1990. -
Period: to
Tiananmen
Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life -
Reunification of Germany
the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany
Berlin reunited into a single city
The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity -
Period: to
Stalins 5-year plan
soviet union dissolved in 1991
rapid economic development
communist party
Theory of productive forces -
Period: to
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999
first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election
Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress -
September 11, 2001
coordinated suicide attacks by Al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001. On that morning, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing everyone on board and many others working in the buildings. Both towers collapsed within two hours, destroying nearby buildings -
USSR Disintegrates
Mikhail Gorbachev-leader of the USSR
attempt to modernize the economy and make the Communist Party more democratic
breakup of the USSR and the end of the one-party Communist rule
collapse of the well-known Iron Curtain and the end of the Communist rule -
Aswam Dam
The Aswan Dam is an embankment dam situated across the aimed to increase economic production by further regulating the annual river flooding and providing storage of water for agriculture, and later, to generate hydroelectricity. The dam has had a significant impact on the economy and culture of Egypt. -
Period: to
Sui Empire
Unified china in the 6th century.Prededed northern and southern dynasties. -
Period: to
Tang Empire
Imperial Dyneasty of china
Preceded by the Sui Dynasty
Equal/surpassed the Han Dynasty-a goldden age -
Period: to Apr 8, 1279
Song Empire
Followed by the Yuan Dynasty
First goverment to use banknotes or paper money
First use of gunpowder -
Period: to Apr 8, 1235
Ghana Empire
Gold, ivory trade, and salt -traded to north afriaca, middle east, and europe for manufactured goods
complex societies
encouraged territorial expansion for trade routes -
Period: to
Establishment of Holy Roman Empire
Division of land
Eastern part streched from Eider River in the north of the mediteranean coast in the south -
Period: to May 8, 1349
Kievan Russia
Christian period in Russia, led by Vladimir, Grand Duke of Kiev. It was ended when Mongols destroyed Kiev.