-
The Battle of Hastings was between the Norman-French army of Duke William II of Normandy and the English army under King Harold II.[a] It took place at Senlac Hill, approximately 10 km (61⁄4 miles) northwest of Hastings.
-
The Crusades were a series of religious expeditionary wars blessed by Pope Urban II and the Catholic Church, with the stated goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem.
-
The crusaders comprised military units of Roman Catholics from all over western Europe, and were not under unified command. The main series of Crusades, primarily against Muslims in the Levant, occurred between 1095 and 1291.
-
CrusadesThe crusaders comprised military units of Roman Catholics from all over western Europe, and were not under unified command.
-
Magna Carta was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges.
-
Native language or native dialect of a specific population, as opposed to a language of wider communication that is a second language or foreign language to the population.
-
The tenants-in-chief secured Magna Carta from King John, which established that the king may not levy or collect any taxes.
-
Hundreds Years' WarThe Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged, between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne.
-
Bubonic Plague-Black DeathAn outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in China. The bubonic plague mainly affects rodents, but fleas can transmit the disease to people.
-
The schism in western Christendom was finally healed at the Council of Constance. There were three "phantom popes" at this time, but they were all deposed in favor of a new pontiff, Martin V.
-
Joan of Arc led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the coronation of Charles VII of France. She was captured by the Burgundians, transferred to the English in exchange for money, put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon for charges of "insubordination and heterodoxy", and was burned at the stake for heresy when she was 19 years old.
