-
The last pre-Islmaic Persian Empire. Recongized as one of the two main powers in Western Asia and Europe during that period.
-
Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.
-
Very Rich city for the Turks. Becomes Instanbul after its fall.
-
Eastern part of the Roman Empire after collapse of Western Roman Empire. Capital at Constantinople. At end, most began part of the Ottoman Empire.
-
Established in 1973 in the city of Leicester, is a centre for education, training, research and publication of issues related to Islam. The Foundation seeks to build bridges between Muslims and others. The organisation was founded by Khurshid Ahmad.
-
Occurred in the decades immediately following the death of the Prophet. Split occurred because of the religion conflict going on in Islam. Sunnis: consider the caliphs to be Imams. Shi'ite: regards Ali and his descendants as the legitimate successors to Muhammad and rejects the first three caliphs.
-
Period in which Muslims take control of Spain and advance to India, but fail to take Constantinople in two attacks.
-
Islamic Ummayad Caliphate's conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain). Took control of most of Spain and some of France.
-
King of the Franks then Emporer of the Romans.Carolingians Renaissaince throught the Catholic Church.Father of Europe.
-
-
Adopted the Mohammedan region, formed Seljuk Empire. Defeated Byzantine emperor at the Battle of Manzikert, and captured Jerusalem, which led to the First Crusade. Overthrown by Othman, who later formed the Ottoman Empire.
-
-
Saladin was the nephew of the Kurdish commander. Saladin took advantage of Nur al-Din's death to seize power and unify Syria and Egypt. Saladin recaptured Jerusalmen in 1250. His dynasty fell when Turkish Mamluks seized control of the government.
-
Civilization known for human sacrifice to the Sun god. They methodically expanded isolated agriculture and metalurgy.
-
Covered most of Asia and Eastern Europe by 1300. Started by Genghis Khan started it. His descendants continued the conquests. Conquered by large-scale slaughter--this created fear.
-
Warrior for the Mogols.
-
Five short-lived Islamic kingdoms. Replaced by Mughal dynasty. Defeated Mongols so saved India from invasion. Indian cultural renaissance.
-
The Magna Carta was a charter that parliament forced King John to sign giving the english people rights. Some of the beliefs from the Charter are found in the Constitution for example; trial by jury, due process, and the security clause.
-
One of the Sudanic Kingdoms in Africa.
-
Time of major rebirth for Europeans. Based in Italy and spread across the region with thoughts of renewal and a new beginning.
-
Tenth king (or mansa) of the Mali Empire. He was also quite wealthy. His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca established the empire's reputation for wealth.
-
Founder of Mughal Dynasty. Wanted to restore Mongol Empire. Very destructive campaigns.
-
A series of wars between two houses, the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet (Anjou), for the French thrown. The House of Valois won.
-
One of the largest Islamic empires in history. Was part of Mali Empire but broke away. Was a monarchy.
-
Last ethnic Hans to rule China.Restore Grand Canal, Great Wall, and founded the forbidden city in Beijing. Traded with many other dynasties.
-
Mariner, explorer, diplomat, and admiral of China.Commanded voyages and discovered many new ideas from other lands.His findings were later burned and destroyed by government.
-
Known as Ivan the Great, was a Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus". Tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde over the Rus, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state. He was one of the longest-reigning Russian rulers in history.
-
The Gutenberg Press (Printing Press) was invented by Johannes Gutenberg of the Holy Roman Empire in the year 1440. The Mechanism is used as an ink press, hence the name, that stencils words onto any desired form of medium. This breakthrough sparked a big interest in the purchasing of books for the common european during the Renaissance. The Printing Press revolutionized books and documents that before the press were hand-copied inneficiently.
-
Was a realm that existed for about a millennium in Central Europe, ruled by a Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes. In its last centuries, its character became quite close to a union of territories.
-
The empire was founded by Emeperor Wen of Sui, and during his reign Southern and Northern China were reunified and the construction of the Grand Canal.
-
Preceded by the Sui Dynasty, the Tang was cosmopolitan. During the Tang Empire culture matured and flourished.
-
Under the Islamic system of military slavery,Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250–1517).
-
Old state of Russia. Slavics and Scandinavians.Fell due to internal princley family struggle, fall of Byzantine, and Mongol invasion.
-
Mexican based classical civilization that used agriculture as a base and anchor for its existance.
-
Monarchy First government to issue banknotes and first to establish a permanent standing navy. First use of gunpowder and compass.Diveded into two distinct periods: the Northen Song and Southern Song. The Northern controlled most of inner China and the Southern was after the Song lost control of northern China to the Jin Dynasty. The Southern Song Empire contained 60% of China's population and a majority of the most productive agricultural land.