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The last pre-Islamic Persian Empire. Recognized as one of the two main powers in Westerbn Asia and Europe. Empire founded by Ardashir I,
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Mesoamerican civilization; only known fuly developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas. Has alot in commom with other Mesoamerican civilizations. Knew much about art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems.
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Centered on the capital of Constantinople. After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the empire was controlled by emperors to end the ancient Roman emperors.
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Disagrrement in who should take over of leadership in the islamic religion. Some people want to choose leader, others wanted the leader to be in Muhammad's blood line.
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Second of the four major Arab caliphates. Was controlled by the Umayyad Dynasty. Known as on of the largest empires seen yet.
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Conquered by the Ummayad Empire; Berber leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad landed at Gibraltar and by the end of the campaign most of the Iberian Peninsula was under the control of Islam.
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Also known as "Charles the Great" was King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans; conqueror; grew the Frankish kingdom into an empire that combined much of Western and Central Europe.
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The third of the Islamic caliphates. Controlled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs. Discovered by the descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib.
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A Turkish tribe from Central Asia; Great patrons for art, culture and literature. Seljuk Turks established a government in Central Anatolia.
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Series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns. Were paid by Roman Catholic Europe. The Crusades were fought mainly by Roman Catholic forces against Muslims that took over the near east.
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A Kurdish Muslim, who became the Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria. Controlled over Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, and Yemen.
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Was the founder and emperor of the Mongol Empire; started Mongol Invasions that turned out in the conquest of most of Eurasia.
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Began as a tribe in the Cuzco area. The descendants of Manco Capac ruled over the civilization. This state grew to take in other Andean communities.
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A term; an overlay of short-lived Islamic kingdoms or sultanates of Turkic origin in medieval India; Mamluk dynasty; Khilji dynasty; Tughlaq dynasty; Sayyid dynasty and Lodi dynasty.
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Invasions/conquests resulted in to the Mongol Empire. More invasions contributed to the expansion of the Empire in almost all of asia and some parts of the middle east, Eastern Europand India.
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Reissued in the 13th century. The long name for this is "The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, and of the Liberties of the Forest," It called for King John of England to entitle certain liberties, and accept that his will was not impulsive.
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A soldier of slave origin; powerful, important in political world; reached a rank of a sultan. Mostly found in Egypt, but also in Levant, Iraq, and India.
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A cultural movement that started in Florence in the Late Middle Ages and later extended to the rest of Europe. Best known for its artistic developments.
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The tenth "mansa", which means "kings of kings" or "emperor" of the Malian Empire. Richest ruler of his day. held many titles including Emir of Melle, Lord of the Mines of Wangara, and conqueror of Ghanata.
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The Aztecs were an advanced civilization who built refined cities. Had about 15 million people; nearly 500 communities; culturally developed in music, arts, crafts, and the sciences.
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Founder of the Mughal Dynasty, fourteenth-century conqueror of Western, South and Central Asia, founder of the Timurid Empire and Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, Born into the Turco-Mongol Barlas tribe and seeked to renew the Mongol Empire.
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Was fought over the French throne between the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet. The House of Valois claimed the title of King of France, while the Plantagenets claimed the thrones of both France and England.
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A ruling chinese dynasty is known to be "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history." Ruled by ethnic Hans, was the last chinese dynasty.
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A Hui-Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral, who went and commanded voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa, Spoke arabic and chinese.
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Invented by Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg. It's a complete printing system; it ugraded the wholeprinting process.
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Also known as "Ivan the Great". He was a Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus". He was one of the longest-reigning Russian emperors in history; tripled the territory of his state and laid the foundations of the state.
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Imperial capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire.
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Existed for about a millennium in Central Europe. By the 16th century it became the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.
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An Imperial Chinese dynasty which brought together China in the 6th century. It contributed in the ending of nearly four centuries of rivalry between regimes.
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An imperial chinese dynasty which was founded by the Li family whom gained power during the fall of the Sui Empire.
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A ruling chinese dynasty which was the first govermnent in the world to create paper money, have a well organized navy, and saw the first use of gun powder
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Kievan Russia is the name coined by Nikolai Karamzin for the Medieval state of Rus. Originally founded by East Slavic Tribes and Scandinavian warriors called "Rus'" .The Mongol invasion contributed to the modifying in the state.