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224
Sasanid Empire
-They were traders
-Very educated; had schools
-Great philosophers
-Had a monarchy
-Were urban farmers -
330
Byzantine Empire
-Advanced economy structure
-Became experts in mathematics and astronomy
-Christian faith
-Art was religious inspired
-Had relations with Russia
-Original language was Latin -
Period: Apr 8, 600 to Apr 8, 1450
600 CE- 1450 CE
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Apr 10, 600
Maya Civilization
-Created carving sculptures
-Created the step pyramids
-Most advanced writing system before Colombus came to America
-Advance in astronomy -
Apr 8, 610
Foundation of Islam
-Islam teaches that one can only find peace in one's life by submitting to God (Allah) in heart, soul and deed.
-The story of Islam begins in Arabia in the 600's C.E. with the Prophet Muhammad.
-Muslims consider Qu'ran to be unaltered and the final revalation from God -
Apr 11, 632
Split between Sunni and Shi'ite
-The Sunnites accepted the orthodox tradition as well as the Qu'ran
-When the Prophet Muhammad died there was conflict over leadership of the state and who had the authority to decide religious disputes
-Shi'ite claim that Muhammad designated his son-in-law Ali to lead the nation while thhe Sunnis say that he did not designate anybody -
Apr 10, 661
Umayyad Caliphate
-Was a major Arab caliphates.
-Damascus was the capital.
-It was one of the largest empires
-It was the first muslim dynasty -
Apr 10, 711
Muslims Conquer Spain
-Muslims invaded Iberian peninsula
-It brought a degree of civilisation to Europe
-Muslims ruled Southern Spain
-Mosques were created
-Muslim architecture brought to Spain -
Apr 10, 750
Abbasid Caliphate
-Highly intellectual
-Writers and poets
-Had papermaking, and gunpowder
-Irrigation farmers
-Founded by the decendents of prophet Muhammad
-Had many intellectual achievements -
Apr 10, 1071
Seljuk Turks
-Their religon was muslim
-They conqured the Byzantine empire
-Created their own culture
-They were a Turkish tribe from central Asia -
Apr 11, 1095
Crusades
-The Crusades were a series of military campaigns during the time of Medieval England against the Muslims of the Middle East
-The reason for the crusades was a war between Christians and Muslims which centered around the city of Jerusalem
-The Objectives of the crusades was at first to release the Holy Land from the Saracens, but in time was extended to seizing Spain and other places -
Apr 10, 1174
Saladin
-He was the Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria.
-He ruled Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, and Yemen.
-He reconquered Palestine
-He abolished the weak and unpopular Shi'ite Fatimid caliphate -
Apr 10, 1200
Inca Civilization
-Empired separated in four sections each ruled by a governor
-Valued sun god
-Understood math
-Monumental architecture
-Advance in agriculture -
Apr 10, 1206
Genghis Khan
-He was the emperor and founder of the Mongol Empire
-He conquered most of Eurasia and a great deal of Central Asia and China
-He adopted the Uyghur script to be the official writting of the empire
-He died from a fall off a horse -
Apr 10, 1206
Delhi Sultanate
-Term used to cover five short-lived Islamic kingdoms or sultanates of Turkic origin
-Five kingdoms: Mamluk Dynasty, Khilji Dynasty, Tughlaq Dynasty, Sayyid Dynasty, Lodi Dynasty
-Ushere in a period of Indian cultural renaissance -
Apr 11, 1215
Magna Carter
-Collection of 37 English laws
-Power of the king could be limited by a written grant
-Founding documents of English liberties
-King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta -
Apr 10, 1223
Mongol Invasion
-Mongol Empire invaded Poland, Kiev, Hungary, and miscellaneous tribes
-Mongol Empire invaded Russia
-Mongol invasion led by Subutai -
Apr 10, 1250
Mamluks
-Soldier of slave origin
-Appeared in various Muslim societies
-A military that ruled Egypt and Syria
-They overthrew their masters in Egypt -
Apr 10, 1300
Aztec Civilization
-Maize cultivation
-Basic social organization
-Religion included human sacrifices in rich ceremonies to the gods.
-Calendric system
-Aztec economy consisted of a type of barter system
-Had 4 classes
-Had agriculture with corn being the central crop -
Apr 10, 1300
Renaissance
-Aspect of religion move to science
-Humanism arose
-Art based on religion
-Education reform
-Black Death shifted the view of the people to their views in the Renaissance -
Apr 8, 1312
Mansa Musa
-Mansa Musa means "king of kings"
-Emperor of Mailan Empire.
-very very wealthy.
-Brought stability and good government to Mali.
-He strengthened Islam and promoted education, trade, and commerce in Mali. -
Apr 10, 1337
Hundred Years War
-War between English and French
-Divided into four phases
-Introduced new weapons and tactics
-France ultimately won
-Franch was trying to get Flanders back, so they'd be able to control their wealth, and England could not allow it -
Apr 11, 1340
Ghana to Mali to Songhai Kingdoms
-The main imports of the Ghana Empire were cloth, brocades, copper and salt and
-The invasion of the Ghana Empire by the Almoravids from the north along with internaldisputes within the empire led to its collapse in the 13th century when it was absorbed into the Mali Empire
-Mali was famous for weaving, mining and architecture
-Civil war attacks from Songhai and the arrival of the Portuguese in Africa reduced Mali’s power
-The empire was weakened by internal conflicts and went into decline -
Apr 8, 1368
Ming Empire
-It was a period of cultural restoration and expansion.
-Created a vast navy and a standing army .
-Reconstructed Grand Canal, Great wall and established the Forbidden City.
-Emperor was Hongwu.
-Had rural culture.
-Involved in the Colombian exchange. -
Apr 10, 1370
Timur
-Ruled Central Asia
-Wanted to expand territory
-Sought to restore Mongol Empire
-He conquered India, Syria, and Turkey
-He was bad muslim -
Apr 8, 1371
Zheng He
-Helped Zhu Yuanzhang defeat the Yuan Dynasty and was -given an official post in the government.
-Leaded a fleet to the Western Sea.
-He was a Hui-Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral,
-He explored Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa, -
Apr 10, 1440
Gutenberg Press
-First printing press created by Johannes Glutenberg
-Mass produced books
-Printing revolution outbreak
-Regarded as most important event in morder era
-The machine consisted of movable mechanical parts -
Apr 10, 1462
Ivan III
-Dubbed "Grand Prince of all Rus' "
-Tripled terrioty of his state
-Ended dominance of the Golden Horde
-Grand Duke of Moscow
-united the Russian nation and strengthened the authority of the monarchy. -
Sui Empire
-It was founded by Emperor Wen of Sui,
-He wanted reunification of Southern and Northern China and the construction of the Grand Canal.
-Created Equal-field system to reduce the rich-poor social gap.
-Had a Three Departments and Six Ministries system .
-Encouraged Buddhism -
Tang Empire
-It was founded by the Li family.
-Empress was Wu Zetian.
-Had a large population.
-Involved in the Silk Road.
-Buddhism was prosecuted.
-Government was a monarchy. -
Song Empire
-Split into the South and North Song Smpire.
-Economy was good.
-Devloped new military technology wiht gunpowder.
-Had a lot of production of food surpluses.
-Social elietes brought out the main point doctrine of Neo-Confucianism. -
Kievan Russia
-Medieval state of Russia
-Disentegrated probably from Mongol invasion
-Traded with vikings
-Became one of the most important trade centers
-Founded by East Slavic tribes and Scandinavian warriors -
Constantipole
-Its capital was Byzantium
-It split into 2 empires in the east and west
-It united Europe with Asia
-It put communication in the Black Sea
-Religion was Christian -
Charlemagne
-He was King of the Franks
-Hecrowded and took Pavia and assumed the crown of Lombardy
-He was the "protector of the Church"
-He was first sovereign of the Christian Empire of the West
-He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that included much of Western and Central Europe -
Establishment of Holy Roman Empire
-The Holy Roman Empire was a loose confederation of Central European territories
-It developed a complex legal and political structure
-It was a state composed of hundreds of smaller sovereign states