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One of the leading civilizations before it fell to eh Ottoman Turks in the 15th century. -
A famous public discourse by Pico della Mirandola. -
Explored an all-water route to Asia. -
A stepping stone to amplify Protestant ideas like Luthranism and later to Calvinism -
Hernando Cortes overthrew the Aztecs with the support of more than 100,000 native people. -
King Henery Vlll is made the head of the church in England causing the papal church to be over. -
- kickstarted the scientific revolution.
- made people question authority
- influenced Newton's ideas and theories
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Reformed ideas of the Catholic church and allowed people to still relate to them in the time of Protestant expansion. -
Ended conflict between German Lutherans and Catholics. Let rulers choose the religion of their state. -
It created a bit of religious freedom for the protestants but ultimately led the Calvinists to be frustrated and want more. -
It set off the 30 years war and set the stage for the next religious wars. -
It changed the relationship between the government and the nation. Parliament made England into a republic which caused it to fail. -
The Netherlands gained freedom from Spain and this became a turning point in Europes religious diversity. -
The ottomans loss altered Europe's view of them and it marked the end of the Turks expansion. -
- influenced the scientific revolution and how it developed -
it led to limiting the power of the king and provided protection for English subjects. -
- influenced many Enlightenment philosophers
- had the idea of making knowledge accessible to normal people
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It helped balance power and helped relations between rulers in Europe. -
- ended french influence in North America
- Britain gained land in NA
- Britains colonies influenced the balance of power in Europe
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- impacted government and how it interacted with the people
- argued against monarchies which then caused revolutions throughout Europe and mainly France
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-Kickstarted the Industrial Revolution
-Made transporting goods easier which was good for free trade
-Brought new thoughts to the table about how workers should be treated -
- argued that people should be able to produce and exchange goods as they pleased
- influenced the ideas of a free trade market
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-declaration of the rights of man and of citizen
-storming of Bastille
-started the women's march to Versaille so Louis would sign the declaration -
-Famine, unemployment, and inflation
-16,000 executed by guillotine
-Improved the French army -
-ended the french revolution -overthrew the Directory -
-stopped Napoleon's march across Europe
- He was exiled to Elba
-France Implemented a constitutional monarchy -
-created a balance of power and fixed borders after the Napoleonic code
-Frances royal family was restored
-encouraged conservative ideals and everyone agreed to keep Franc in check -
-abolished feudalism in Austria and Germany
-Created new forms of government in the rest of Europe
-Napolean created a short-lived republic in France for 4 years -
-Russia started to modernize due to their loss
-Russian prestige declined
-Concert of Europe was damaged -
-Powershift between German states away from Austria
-Formation of Austria-Hungary
-End of German Confederation -
-Unified Germany (except for Austria)
-Papal States were now under Kindom of Italy
-Italian unification furthered nationalism -
-Bigger wealth gap between the middle class and working class
-Mortality rate increase due to better sanitization
-More time for leisure activities like sports and shopping -
-regulated colonization
-Scramble for Africa
-created new exports -
-oppression against Jews, socialists, and communists
-left people malnurished, poor and homeless, caused investors to pull money out of Germany and demand repayment of loans -
-Hitler had the power to make new laws with no one else
-He outlawed other political parties to get rid of enimies
-Led to Night of Long Knives -
-Inspired Picasso's mural "Guermic"
- affected economy and set back trade industries
-Germany tested machinery which would be important in WW2 -
-France and Britain declared war on Germany
-Russia then annexed neutral territories
-Hitler split Poland and gave it to other countries -
-killed off more than 3 million USSR soldiers
-turning point in the war because the Germans failed to defeat the Soviets
-Germany suffered many casualties -
-Left millions of homeless
-divided Germany into 4 divisions which cause problems in the Cold war
-Affected power balance in Europe and made US an economic superpower -
-solidified the division of Europe
-NATO was created
-west Germany and east Germany were established as two different counrties -
-the most violent uprising in the European break from communism
-over 5000 Hungarians and 1000 Soviet troops killed
-the revolution was repressed by the Soviets -
-Dubcek liberalized communism and loosened restrictions
-this led to revolutions and outbreaks
-ended in a Soviet invasion -
-it showed the increase in anti-communism
-led to free elections
-economic reforms happened quickly throughout Eastern Europe -
-Adoption of more liberal policies
-Independence of the 15 republics withing the Soviet Union
-An economic crisis throughout Europe -
-The EU was formed
-Helped reunite European countries and repaired economies
-Made countries so dependant on each other that was seemed out of the picture and unnecessary