Topic 9 & 10 Medieval Europe By GrannyTheGuy 486 Clovis defeats the last Roman Army in Western Europe 732 Charles Martel defeats Muslim invaders in the Battle of Tours 792 Vikings made their earliest known raid on Ireland 800 Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne emperor at St. Peter's Basilica 1088 Irnerius founded the University of Bologna in Bologna, Italy 1096 Pope Urban II led the First Crusades in Levant and Anatolia 1170 English archbishop Thomas Becket is murdered at Canterbury Cathedral 1209 Saint Francis of Assisi formed the Franciscan order in Rome 1215 King John signed the Magna Carta in Runnymede 1291 Al-Ashraf-Khalil in Acre fell to the Muslim Mamluks ending the Crusades 1347 Rats carrying the Black Plague arrive and spread across Europe and killed 1/3 of Europe's population including peasants, knights, lords, etc. 1492 Isabella and Ferdinand conquer Granada