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- The Western Roman Empire is attacked by Germanic invaders and barbarians
- It eventually falls, marking the start of the Middle Ages
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- Prophet Muhammad heard a call from the Angel Gabriel proclaiming him the messenger of Allah
- Followers of Muhammad's teachings are called Muslims
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- takes place near Poitiers, France
- Frankish leader Charles Martel, a Christian, defeats a large army of Spanish Moors
- halts the Muslim advance into Western Europe
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- Also known as the "Father of Europe"
- Responsible for uniting most of Europe
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- divided the Frankish empire into 3 kingdoms
- ruled among the surviving sons of emperor Louis
- the first of the four partition treaties of the Carolingian Empire
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- The First Crusade was a series of religious wars
- objective was to recover the Holy Land from Islamic rule
- lasted 3 years
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- Magna Carta = royal charter of rights
- signed by King John of England
- also called 'Magna Carta Libertatum'
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- from 1337-1453
- was a war between the Kingdoms of England and France
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- referred to as the "Black Death"
- killed off around 1/3 of the population of Europe or 75-200 million
- pandemic lasted 7 years
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- Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and voyager
- he was originally trying to find a direct water route to Asia from Europe, but accidentally stumbled upon the Americas instead