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He was born in Corsica to noble parents. He was trained as an artillery officer in France.
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Grape-shot is a type of ammunition used in cannons. It consisted of several tiny balls made of iron, so when fired they split apart like a shotgun. The term "a whiff of grape-shot" means to shoot the enemies coming at them with the cannons.
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He got promoted because of his victory over the British.
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Between Europena conquests, Napoleon conducted a campaign in Egypt so unpredictable, unstable, and irregular of normal military tactics that it became a joke. It was really bad!
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A new constitution replaced the Directory with a three member consulate.
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Napoleon staged a coup d'état, a sudden and decisive change in government, and made himself First Consul. He then did away with the Elected Assembly.
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In the second campaign in Italy, Napoleon would lead his troops across the Alps to fight.
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This treaty was a renewal of an earlier treaty which secured France's defeat of Austria and right to administer Italian lands, free of Austria's will.
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Napoleon made a concordat, a treaty, with the Pope agreeing to make Catholicism as the major religion in France as long as the Church would not get its land back.
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This treaty, signed with the British, agreed for France and Britain not to fight. It had no territorial arrangements. Finally, Europe was at peace for now; Austria was defeated, Russia withdrew from the war, and a peace treaty with Britain was just signed. Britain broke treaty and war renewed. French forces defeated in Haiti. Napoleon sells France's Louisianna Territory to America in the Louisianna Purchase for 15 million dollars.
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This code permitted freedom of religion, abolished feudal rights, guaranteed trial by jury, limited power of women, and took away privileges for Nobles, Churchmen, or rich people.
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Napoleon crowned himself emperor!
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The battle of Trafalgar was between the French and the British. The French lost this NAVAL battle. Established supremacy of British navy for over a century. Napoleon forced to cancel invasion of Britain.
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These "twin" battles were fought between France and Prussia. It took place in Germany. France, under Napoleon, won the battles. Now Prussia was under control of the French.
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After Napoleon's loss at the Battle of Trafalgar, he wanted to strategically defeat the British. Napoleon planned to stop Britain's export and re-export trade with Europe. Napoleon felt that he needed to defeat the British, not by fighting, but by starving them of money and destroying their trade with Europe. He also wanted all major European nations to stop their trade with England. Ultimately, his plan did not really work out. Britain responded with a blockade of its own which weakened Europe.
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This treaty was between France, Russia, and Prussia. The treaty made Russia and Prussia abide by the continental system.
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The French invade Russia but lose many allies and weakened the French dominance. This forced the French to change strategies and have a shift in politics.
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This took place at the battle of Salamanca in Spain.
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The Battle of Leipzig or the Battle of Nations was fought at Leipzig, in Saxony. Napoleon's army, including Polish, Italian, and German troops, loses to Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden. It was the largest battle in Europe prior to World War I. Napoleon was forced to back down. This was a major turning point.
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Napoleon goes into exile (was banned) to the island of Elba. He had stepped down from power.
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This treaty ended the war between France and the Sixth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. It was between France on one side and the allies on the other. France surrendered all lands gained since 1792.
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The Congress of Vienna set up to reorganize Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. The main accomplishment of the Congress of Vienna was that they determined territorial boundaries and had all eight major countries, except Spain, accept to it. At the same time, Napoleon escaped his island exile and returned to France. The chief goal of the Congress of Vienna was to create a lasting peace.
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The Battle of Waterloo was Napoleon's last battle! Napoleon lost this battle and put an end to his rule as Emperor! He was forced to abdicate, or step down from power, once again. It also marked the end of his Hundred Days return from exile.
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Napoleon was taken prisoner to the island of St. Helena by the British. He remained there until his death.
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This treaty was between France and the Allies. The Allies demanded security from France through money and territory. France had to pay an insurance of 700,000,000 francs and sustain an army of 150,000 men for 3 to 5 years.
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He died a prisoner to the British at St. Helena.
