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The Spanish Armada was part of a invasion of England planned by King Philip II and was made up of around 150 ships that was consider an invincible fleet. The Spanish Armada ships were slower and were not as well armed than the English ships. The Spanish ships were also for long range and not short range which cause the English ships to take advantage of their close range weakness. The English ships ended up destorying over half the fleet. -
Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes which gave Protestants or Huguenots rights in a Catholic nation of France. This helped end a War of Religion in France for the time being.
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The Queen of England died, Elizabeth I. Since Elizabeth I had no children, the throne of England was passed to the Struats who were the Dynasty in Ireland.
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The Thirty Years War begin when the future Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II attempted to force Roman Catholic absolutism on his domains. Protestant nobles were unhappy about this and rebelled against the Holy Roman Empire. -
The English Civil War began because Parliament and King Charles I could not agree on religoius freedom and how the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland should be governed. This ends up causing three civil wars. -
The Peace of Westphalia was a treaty that treaty that brought the end to the Thirty Years War. It also give the Netherlands independence from Spain, Sweden gained control over the Baltic, and France was acknowledged as a western power. -
Oliver Cronwell became Lord Protector by helping overthrow the Struat Monarchy which led to him becoming Lord Protector.
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The English Bill of Rights was signed by William III and Mary II. The bill outlined that Parliament would have power over the monarchy and it also constitutional and civil rights.
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Peter won access to the Baltic Sea after winning the Great Northern War. Peter wanted a city with a port and where Russia could have a Naval base. After it was built, Peter named St Petersburg as Russia new capital. -
Fredrick II attacked Austria becuase he was frustrated about Austria invading Alsace. -
King Louis XVI called a meeting from the Estates General becuase to try to approve new taxtation. King Louis XVI all so hoped they could help advise him on economic and agricultural crisis in France.
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The Tennis Court Oath was made to ensure that the National Assembly would finish writing a constitution. It also displayed that political authority would come through the people and not the Monarchy. -
Bastille was a state prison on the east side of Paris and was attacked by an angry mob. The mob goal was to get arms and ammunition. -
Louis XVI was sentenced to death and National Assembly 380 to 310 to execute him. This started the beginning of democracy in France and end to the Monarch. -
The Reign of Terror began when the National Convention place " terror on the order of the day." A mandate where Committee of Public Safety responded to threats to their rule by Executing People. -
Robespiere gave a speech where he had a new list enemies and some people in the National Convetion were on it. This caused Robespiere to be arrested and was executed by the guillotine. -
Napoleon became Emperor after the Senate who had all been chosen by Napoleon, passed a law making Napoleon the Emperor. -
Napoleon crossed the Neman River and invaded Russia. The result for the French was a disaster, the invaden lastes six months and haulted Napoleon's march through Europe. -
The battle at Waterloo ended by the Prussians breaking through
the French right flank and routed the French army causing it's defeat. Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo was Napoleon's final defeat and ended Napoleon's rule as Emperor. -
Napoleon was exiled to St Helena after his defeat at Waterloo. He spent six years exiled at St Helena before he died.