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The Neolithic Revolution marked the transition in human history from small, nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers to larger, agricultural settlements and early civilization.
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Sumer was an ancient civilization known for their innovations in language, governance, architecture and more, Sumerians are considered the creators of civilization as modern humans understand it.
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The inhabitants of the Harappan cities were driven out by the invading Aryans.
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Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River, situated in the place that is now the country Egypt.
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Hammurabi conquered southern Babylonia, transformed a small city-state into a large territorial state, and shifted the balance of power in Mesopotamia from the south to the north, where it remained for more than 1,000 years.
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A societal/civilization collapse is caused from either natural disaster or conflict.
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Jewish monotheism has had both universalistic and particularistic features. Along universal lines, it has affirmed a God who created and rules the entire world and who at the end of history will redeem all Israel, all humankind, and indeed the whole world.
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The purple dye manufactured and used in Tyre for the robes of Mesopotamian royalty gave Phoenicia the name by which we know it today and also accounts for the Phoenicians being known as 'purple people' by the Greeks.
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The Neo-Assyrians created the largest empire the world had seen at that time.
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Before the rise of ancient Rome, Carthage was the most powerful city in the region because of its proximity to trade routes and its impressive harbor on the Mediterranean.
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The Greeks made important contributions to philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine.
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in 701 BC, the Assyrian emperor Sennacherib besieged the city of Jerusalem.
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The Neo-Babylonians are most famous for their architecture, notably at their capital city, Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar (604-561 B.C.E.)
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an oligarchy is a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.
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Buddhists believe Gautama found enlightenment while meditating under a Bodhi tree. He spent the rest of his life teaching others about how to achieve this spiritual state. Buddhism is mostly practiced in east Asia.
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The Persians were the first people to establish regular routes of communication between three continents—Africa, Asia and Europe.
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People known for their military, political, and social institutions, the ancient Romans conquered vast amounts of land in Europe and northern Africa, built roads and aqueducts, and spread Latin, their language, far and wide.
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In a pure democracy, laws are made directly by the voting majority leaving the rights of the minority largely unprotected. In a republic, laws are made by representatives chosen by the people and must comply with a constitution that specifically protects the rights of the minority from the will of the majority. Male citizens in Athens could vote on all the decisions that affected the city and serve on juries, whereas women, children, and slaves were not.
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A series of wars fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of almost half a century.
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While the Battle of Thermopylae was technically a defeat for the Greeks, it was also a victory in the long run because it marked the beginning of several important Greek victories against the Persians and boosted the morale of all the Greek city-states.
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Spartans and Athens were at war, the Athens were forced to surrender so Sparta won.
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The start date is when the Celts had settled across Europe and the end date (461 CE) is when the Irish were converted to Christianity by St. Patrick. The Celts were the largest group in ancient Europe.
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One of the world's greatest military generals, he created a vast empire that stretched from Macedonia to Egypt and from Greece to part of India.
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The Mauryan Empire was the largest ancient empire in India.
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Ptolemy took the title of King. As Ptolemy I Soter ("Saviour"), he founded the Ptolemaic dynasty that was to rule Egypt for nearly 300 years and the capital, Alexandira, is known for the Library of Alexandria.
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Rome and Carthage, Rome won.
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The main achievement of the Qin is the fact that it unified China, creating the first dynasty ruled by the first emperor Qin Shi Huang.
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Carthage and Rome were fighting again and Rome won again.
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known its long reign and its achievements, which included the development of the civil service and government structure.
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The Maccabean revolt was led by the Maccabees against the Seleucid Empire.
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the two sides of war were Rome and Carthage, Rome won once again.
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The crisis of the Roman Republic was an extended period of political instability and social unrest.
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While queen of Egypt (51–30 BCE), Cleopatra actively influenced Roman politics at a crucial period and was especially known for her relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.
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Caesar Augustus was one of ancient Rome's most successful leaders who led the transformation of Rome from a republic to an empire and the Pax Romana was a roughly 200-year-long timespan of Roman history which is identified as a period and golden age
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They developed the best army in the world at that time, and ruled by force.
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BC stands for Before Common Era and AD stands for Anno Domini, the year of our lord.
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Christmas commemorates the birth of Jesus
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Easter commemorates the Crucifixion of Jesus
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The Silk Road was and is a network of trade routes connecting the East and West; from the 2nd century BCE to the 18th century CE.
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The system instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293 to govern the ancient Roman Empire by dividing it between two senior emperors, the augusti, and their juniors and designated successors, the caesares.
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The mayans were known for their logosyllabic script—the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas
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Constantine converted to Christianity to conduct his political propaganda
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developed advancements in science, engineering, and art
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The Byzantine Empire influenced many cultures, primarily due to its role in shaping Christian Orthodoxy.
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it was the Huns invading from the east that caused the domino effect
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The Tang Dynasty is considered a golden age of Chinese arts and culture.
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Islam spread through military conquest, trade, pilgrimage, and missionaries.
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Many forms of art flourished during the Islamic Golden Age, including ceramics, metalwork, textiles, illuminated manuscripts, woodwork, and calligraphy.
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An increase of literature, writing, the arts, architecture, jurisprudence, liturgical reforms, and scriptural studies.
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The economic model states that the Viking Age was the result of growing urbanism and trade throughout mainland Europe.
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A period marked by Christian re-conquest of Christian territory that had been seized by the Muslim kingdoms.
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The Song dynasty is particularly noted for the great artistic achievements.
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they introduced the feudal system to England.
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Military campaigns organised by Christian powers in order to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control.
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Even though the kings, or Mansas, had converted to Islam, they did not force their subjects to convert. Many people practiced a version of Islam that combined Islamic beliefs with the local traditions.
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The Aztecs were famous for their agriculture, draining swamps, and creating artificial islands in the lakes. They developed a form of hieroglyphic writing, a complex calendar system, and built famous pyramids and temples.
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the Bubonic plague was caused by an infection from pests and affected 30-50% of the population.
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Known for its trade expansion to the outside world that established cultural ties with the West.
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Famed for their unique art and architecture, they constructed finely-built and imposing buildings wherever they conquered, and their spectacular adaptation of natural landscapes with terracing, highways, and mountaintop settlements continues to impress modern visitors at such world famous sites as Machu Picchu.