timeline 110

neolithic revolution

10,000 BCE

The Neolithic Revolution marked the transition in human history from small, nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers to larger, agricultural settlements and early civilization.

Sumerian civilization

4500 BCE

Sumer was an ancient civilization known for their innovations in language, governance, architecture and more, Sumerians are considered the creators of civilization as modern humans understand it.

harappa and the aryans

3300 BCE

The inhabitants of the Harappan cities were driven out by the invading Aryans.

Ancient Egypt

3150 BCE

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River, situated in the place that is now the country Egypt.

hammurabi's babylon

2000 BCE

Hammurabi conquered southern Babylonia, transformed a small city-state into a large territorial state, and shifted the balance of power in Mesopotamia from the south to the north, where it remained for more than 1,000 years.

bronze age collapse

1200 BCE

A societal/civilization collapse is caused from either natural disaster or conflict.

ancient Israel

1150 BCE

Jewish monotheism has had both universalistic and particularistic features. Along universal lines, it has affirmed a God who created and rules the entire world and who at the end of history will redeem all Israel, all humankind, and indeed the whole world.

the Phoenician Golden Age

1100 BCE

The purple dye manufactured and used in Tyre for the robes of Mesopotamian royalty gave Phoenicia the name by which we know it today and also accounts for the Phoenicians being known as 'purple people' by the Greeks.

The Neo-Assyrian Empire

911 BCE

The Neo-Assyrians created the largest empire the world had seen at that time.

Ancient Carthage

814 BCE

Before the rise of ancient Rome, Carthage was the most powerful city in the region because of its proximity to trade routes and its impressive harbor on the Mediterranean.

ancient greece

800 BCE

The Greeks made important contributions to philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine.

The Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem

701 BCE

in 701 BC, the Assyrian emperor Sennacherib besieged the city of Jerusalem.

Babylon Reborn

626 BCE

The Neo-Babylonians are most famous for their architecture, notably at their capital city, Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar (604-561 B.C.E.)

spartan oligarchy

599 BCE

an oligarchy is a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)

563 BCE

Buddhists believe Gautama found enlightenment while meditating under a Bodhi tree. He spent the rest of his life teaching others about how to achieve this spiritual state. Buddhism is mostly practiced in east Asia.

The Persian Empire

550 BCE

The Persians were the first people to establish regular routes of communication between three continents—Africa, Asia and Europe.

The Roman Republic

510 BCE

People known for their military, political, and social institutions, the ancient Romans conquered vast amounts of land in Europe and northern Africa, built roads and aqueducts, and spread Latin, their language, far and wide.

athenian democracy

508 BCE

In a pure democracy, laws are made directly by the voting majority leaving the rights of the minority largely unprotected. In a republic, laws are made by representatives chosen by the people and must comply with a constitution that specifically protects the rights of the minority from the will of the majority. Male citizens in Athens could vote on all the decisions that affected the city and serve on juries, whereas women, children, and slaves were not.

The Greco-Persian Wars

498 BCE

A series of wars fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of almost half a century.

The Battle of Thermopylae

480 BCE

While the Battle of Thermopylae was technically a defeat for the Greeks, it was also a victory in the long run because it marked the beginning of several important Greek victories against the Persians and boosted the morale of all the Greek city-states.

the Peloponnesian war

431 BCE

Spartans and Athens were at war, the Athens were forced to surrender so Sparta won.

The Celts

400 BCE

The start date is when the Celts had settled across Europe and the end date (461 CE) is when the Irish were converted to Christianity by St. Patrick. The Celts were the largest group in ancient Europe.

Conquests of Alexander the Great

336 BCE

One of the world's greatest military generals, he created a vast empire that stretched from Macedonia to Egypt and from Greece to part of India.

The Mauryan Empire

322 BCE

The Mauryan Empire was the largest ancient empire in India.

Ptolemaic Empire

305 BCE

Ptolemy took the title of King. As Ptolemy I Soter ("Saviour"), he founded the Ptolemaic dynasty that was to rule Egypt for nearly 300 years and the capital, Alexandira, is known for the Library of Alexandria.

The First Punic War

264 BCE

Rome and Carthage, Rome won.

Qin Dynasty

221 BCE

The main achievement of the Qin is the fact that it unified China, creating the first dynasty ruled by the first emperor Qin Shi Huang.

The Second Punic War

218 BCE

Carthage and Rome were fighting again and Rome won again.

Han Dynasty

202 BCE

known its long reign and its achievements, which included the development of the civil service and government structure.

the maccabean revolt

167 BCE

The Maccabean revolt was led by the Maccabees against the Seleucid Empire.

The Third Punic War

149 BCE

the two sides of war were Rome and Carthage, Rome won once again.

The Crisis of the Roman Republic

134 BCE

The crisis of the Roman Republic was an extended period of political instability and social unrest.

Cleopatra

69 BCE

While queen of Egypt (51–30 BCE), Cleopatra actively influenced Roman politics at a crucial period and was especially known for her relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.

Agustus Caesar

63 BCE

Caesar Augustus was one of ancient Rome's most successful leaders who led the transformation of Rome from a republic to an empire and the Pax Romana was a roughly 200-year-long timespan of Roman history which is identified as a period and golden age

The Roman Empire

27 BCE

They developed the best army in the world at that time, and ruled by force.

Traditional date for the birth of Christ

1 CE

BC stands for Before Common Era and AD stands for Anno Domini, the year of our lord.

Birth of Jesus Christ

4

Christmas commemorates the birth of Jesus

Crucifixion of Jesus

30

Easter commemorates the Crucifixion of Jesus

The Silk Road

130

The Silk Road was and is a network of trade routes connecting the East and West; from the 2nd century BCE to the 18th century CE.

The Tetarchy

284

The system instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293 to govern the ancient Roman Empire by dividing it between two senior emperors, the augusti, and their juniors and designated successors, the caesares.

mayan civilization

300

The mayans were known for their logosyllabic script—the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas

Battle of the Milvian Bridge

312

Constantine converted to Christianity to conduct his political propaganda

The Gupta Empire

320

developed advancements in science, engineering, and art

The Byzantine Empire

330

The Byzantine Empire influenced many cultures, primarily due to its role in shaping Christian Orthodoxy.

The Fall of Rome

476

it was the Huns invading from the east that caused the domino effect

Tang Dynasty

618

The Tang Dynasty is considered a golden age of Chinese arts and culture.

The Spread of Islam

622

Islam spread through military conquest, trade, pilgrimage, and missionaries.

The Islamic Golden Age

622

Many forms of art flourished during the Islamic Golden Age, including ceramics, metalwork, textiles, illuminated manuscripts, woodwork, and calligraphy.

The Carolingian Renaissance

768

An increase of literature, writing, the arts, architecture, jurisprudence, liturgical reforms, and scriptural studies.

The Viking Age

793

The economic model states that the Viking Age was the result of growing urbanism and trade throughout mainland Europe.

The Reconquista

801

A period marked by Christian re-conquest of Christian territory that had been seized by the Muslim kingdoms.

Song Dynasty

960

The Song dynasty is particularly noted for the great artistic achievements.

The Norman Conquest

1066

they introduced the feudal system to England.

The Crusades

1096

Military campaigns organised by Christian powers in order to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control.

The Mali Empire

1235

Even though the kings, or Mansas, had converted to Islam, they did not force their subjects to convert. Many people practiced a version of Islam that combined Islamic beliefs with the local traditions.

The Aztec Empire (triple alliance)

1325

The Aztecs were famous for their agriculture, draining swamps, and creating artificial islands in the lakes. They developed a form of hieroglyphic writing, a complex calendar system, and built famous pyramids and temples.

The Black Death

1346

the Bubonic plague was caused by an infection from pests and affected 30-50% of the population.

Ming Dynasty

1368

Known for its trade expansion to the outside world that established cultural ties with the West.

The Inca Empire

1438

Famed for their unique art and architecture, they constructed finely-built and imposing buildings wherever they conquered, and their spectacular adaptation of natural landscapes with terracing, highways, and mountaintop settlements continues to impress modern visitors at such world famous sites as Machu Picchu.