-
Battle of Svolder--Sweyn kills Olaf of Norway and annexes Norway to Denmark.
-
King Aethelred II ("the Unready" or "Poorly Counseled") ravages Cumberland and southwestern Scotland.
-
Massacre of St. Brice's Day--Aethelred orders the slaughter of all Danish settlers and mercenaries in southern England.
-
Aethelred the Unready pays Danegeld to gain two years peace. The cost of this bribe is 36,000 pounds in silver.
-
King Canute divides England into four earldoms. He raised a "Danegeld" of 82,500 pounds in silver from the region, including 10,500 pounds in silver from London.
-
Robert le Diable (Robert the Devil) becomes Duke of Normandy. He rules until 1035.
-
Macbeth, Mormaer of Moray, kills Duncan in the battle at Elgin. Macbeth rules as King of Scots until 1057.
-
Malcolm Canmore ("Big Head") defeats and kills Macbeth in the battle of Lumphanan. Lulach, the stepson of Macbeth, becomes king of the Scots and survives on the throne for one year.
-
Civil war in the Holy Roman Empire comes to an end, and Henry IV brings the last of his rebellious barons to heel. With his position solidified, he again asserts his power over the pope.