-
Feb 4, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious conflict arising from the Reformation. Each prince was to determine whether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in his lands. Divided Europe into the Roman Catholic Church and the new Lutheran (Protestant) Church. -
Period: to
Christian IV
King of Denmark -
Period: to
King Gustavus Adolphus
King of Sweden -
Period: to
Ferdinand of Syria (Bohemian king)
Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia -
Period: to
Bohemian period
Ferdinand of Syria becomes king of Bohemia, Protestants rebel and throw 2 catholic member out of a window - this is known as the Defenestration of Prague -
Defenestration of Prague
helped to trigger prolonged conflict, within Bohemia -
Period: to
Maximilian I
Duke of Bavaria -
The Battle of White mountain
hill to the west of Prague, lasted just two hours but ended with the crushing defeat of the troops of the Bohemian Estates by Emperor Ferdinand II and his allies. This led to the execution of twenty-seven of the leaders of the revolt and the Bohemian Estates being deprived of power. -
Period: to
Philip IV
King of Spain -
Period: to
Cardinal Richelieu
Cardinal in France, during the rule of King Louis XIII -
Period: to
Danish period
King Christian IV (r. 1588-1648), the Lutheran ruler of Denmark supported the Protestants in 1625 against Ferdinand II. Ferdinand was deposes and Frederick V rules. -
Treaty of Lubeck
ended the Danish intervention in the Thirty Years' War -
Period: to
Swedish period
The Catholic victories alarmed Protestants almost everywhere. The new Protestant leader became King Gustavus Adolphus (r. 1611-1632) of Sweden. Catholic France and Protestant Sweden joined forces against the Catholic Hapsburgs. Hapsburgs win -
Battle of Lützen
began with the Second Defenestration of Prague in 1618 and ended with the Treaty of Westfahlen in 1648. The battle was a Protestant victory, but cost the life of one of the most important leaders of the Protestant alliance, the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf -
Period: to
French period
the war loses its religious character and becomes political -
Treaty of Prague
a peace treaty signed on 30 May 1635 by the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand II and Elector John George I of Saxony representing most of the Protestant Estates of the Holy Roman Empire. It effectively brought to an end the civil war aspect of the Thirty Years' War; however, the combat actions still carried on due to the continued intervention on German soil by Spain, Sweden, and, from mid-1635, France, until the Peace of Westphalia was concluded in 1648 -
Peace of Westphalia
as a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster, effectively ending the European wars of religion. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) in the Holy Roman Empire -
The Treaty of the Pyrenees
Purpose: to end the 1635-1659 war between France and Spain,[1] a war that was initially a part of the wider Thirty Years' War.