The Smallpox pandemic and its effect in the United states from its introduction in 1633 to the eradication of Smallpox in 1972.
By ndegrand
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Smallpox is a very contagious and infectious disease that can be very deadly. It is estimated that the introduction of smallpox was in the 1600s, specifically 1633-1634. This was from European Settlers traveling into North America.
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Smallpox is an infectious disease that can be deadly. It is estimated that the introduction of smallpox was in the 1600s, specifically 1633-1634 from European Settlers. Smallpox devastated indigenous populations in the northeast that quickly spread to the west coast. Boston in 1721 is a good example of how deadly and infectious smallpox is as it infected over half its population. In 1770 the first vaccine was produced. 1972 was the end off Smallpox in America after widespread vaccines.
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In 1721 the city of Boston Massachusetts was ravaged by smallpox. The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal is one of the few archives that have early records of smallpox and the number of deaths. "In 1721 there were 850 deaths out of 11,000 people... Over 6,000 people had smallpox that year." Henry, Jonathan E. “Experience in Massachusetts and a Few Other Places with Smallpox and Vaccination: NEJM.” New England Journal of Medicine, www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM192108251850802. -
Edward Jenner is regarded for the smallpox vaccine he created. his vaccine originates from cowpox. This was the first vaccine that was created for smallpox. Jenner found that Cowpox protects against exposure to smallpox. Riedel, Stefan. “Edward Jenner and the History of Smallpox and Vaccination.” Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center), Baylor Health Care System, Jan. 2005, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/. -
Boston had previously been ravaged by the Smallpox pandemic until the use of Edward Jenner's Vaccine 1800 which decreased the death rate of smallpox at an astonishing rate. Eric Blair, et al. “The Fight Over Inoculation During the 1721 Boston Smallpox Epidemic.” Science in the News, 30 Oct. 2018, sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/special-edition-on-infectious-disease/2014/the-fight-over-inoculation-during-the-1721-boston-smallpox-epidemic/. -
There was an initiative in the United States to eliminate smallpox. it was successful as there has not been a reported case of smallpox since 1972 as that is when routine smallpox vaccinations stopped being administered to the American public in 1972. “Vaccine Basics.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 12 July 2017, www.cdc.gov/smallpox/vaccine-basics/index.html. -
Smallpox eradication in the United States. "By 1972, the smallpox vaccine was no longer given routinely in the United States. As a result, most people born in the United States after 1972 have not been vaccinated against the disease."
“The Threat.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 Dec. 2016, www.cdc.gov/smallpox/bioterrorism/public/threat.html#:~:text=By%201972%2C%20the%20smallpox%20vaccine,been%20vaccinated%20against%20the%20disease. -
Eric Blair, et al. “The Fight Over Inoculation During the 1721 Boston Smallpox Epidemic.” Science in the News, 30 Oct. 2018, sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/special-edition-on-infectious-disease/2014/the-fight-over-inoculation-during-the-1721-boston-smallpox-epidemic/.
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Edward Jenner Vaccination - Riedel, Stefan. “Edward Jenner and the History of Smallpox and Vaccination.” Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center), Baylor Health Care System, Jan. 2005, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/.
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1721 Smallpox Breakout in Boston Massachusetts - Henry, Jonathan E. “Experience in Massachusetts and a Few Other Places with Smallpox and Vaccination: NEJM.” New England Journal of Medicine, www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM192108251850802.
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1972 Vaccinations - “Vaccine Basics.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 12 July 2017, www.cdc.gov/smallpox/vaccine-basics/index.html. “The Threat.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 Dec. 2016, www.cdc.gov/smallpox/bioterrorism/public/threat.html#:~:text=By%201972%2C%20the%20smallpox%20vaccine,been%20vaccinated%20against%20the%20disease.