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Babur was a war lord from Central Asia who founded the Mughal empire. He defeated Ibrahim Lodhi the Sultan of Delhi in The Battle of Panipat in April 1526 and lead expeditions against the Rajputs, establishing himself as the dominant military power of the Hindustan.
https://www.onthisday.com/people/babur -
Babur continued his record of combat success, by defeating the combined forces of Afghans and the Sultans of Bengal near Varsanasi.
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Babur died in Lahore and was succeeded by his son Hamayun
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Hamayun inherited a large amount of unrest in the empire. He was continually occupied with a power struggle with Bahdur Shah of Gujarat until Bahdurs Death in 1537.
https://www.quora.com/What-were-the-reasons-for-the-defeat-of-Humayun-at-the-hands-of-Sher-Shah -
Hamayun was defeated in the Battle at Kannauj by Afghani leader Sher Shah Suri and was exiled from India.
http://www.pakpassion.net/ppforum/showthread.php?170745-Rare-picture-of-Imran-Khan-as-Sher-Shah-Suri -
Gaining military support from Iran and taking advantage of the civil wars in Sher Shah Suri’s reign, Hamayun recaptured Lahore.
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Akbar came to power at age 13 after the death of his father. Although young he was a extremely capable ruler he established himself by defeating Hemu ( a governer of Hamayun who tried to usurp the empire) at the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556. Throughout his reign he side by side continued with government and expansion. At his death he empire extended from Afghanistan to the Bay of Bengal.
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Akbar’s son Jehangir continued with the religiously tolerant administrative policies. In 1611 he married Nur Jehan who during his absence was the main power at court.
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Emperor Jehangir allowed the British to commence trade with India, completely unaware that these traders would one day rule over the entire sub-continent.
https://www.ft.com/content/0f1ec9da-c9a6-11e9-af46-b09e8bfe60c0 -
As the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan inherited a reasonably stable empire and did not have to deal with much opposition and violence.
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In 1631 Shah Jehan's most beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal past away. This left the emperor in deep sorrow, and ordered the Taj Mahal to be built as her mausoleum.
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In 1657 Shah Jehan fell ill and his four sons, who each were governors of large states within the empire, began to wage wars against each other to establish themselves into power.
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Aurangzeb defeated his brothers in battle and became the sixth Mughal Emperor. During his reign he would expand the Mughal empire to spread across almost the entire sub-continent. He also imprisoned his sick father Shah Jehan in Agra until he died the same year.
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Aurangzeb re-introduced the Jizya tax which was a tax on non-muslims for their protection. This caused unrest in the largely non-muslim population of the sub-continent, and also began to sow the seed of descension within the Mughal Empire.
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By the time of Aurungzeb's death he had extended the Mughal Empire to be the largest in its history. The costs of this expansion however, were twofold. The first was the immense financial cost of waging long wars, which meant that by the time of Aurangzeb's death the treasurys were almost completely defeated. The second major cost of Aurangzeb's rule was the unpopularity among all the peoples he had waged wars against. This made it clear that the empire would not be able to survive much longer.
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This was an invasion against Aurengzeb's successor Muhammad Shah by the Iranian general Nader Shah. Nader marched into Dehli and sacked it completely taking most of what was left of the Mughal wealth and also annexed large pieces of land across the Indus Valley. This was a clear indication of the steep decline of the Mughal Empire.
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The last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II had nominal power and was more of rich nobleman under the protection of the British. He was however stripped of his title and all the lands he owned as the British Empire was in full effect with Queen Victoria being coronated as the Empress of India
