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The fall of the Western Roman Empire is considered as the beginning of the Middle Ages. Emporers were nominated, dethroned and killed.
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Charles Martel was a Frankish political and military leader who worked under the Merovingian Kings as the Mayor of the Palace. He's considered one of the founding fathers of feudalism and knighthood of Europe.
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The Treaty of Verdun was the first of the treaties that divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms among the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, who was the son of Charlemagne. The treaty ended the three-year Carolingian Civil War.
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The Ottonian dynasty was a Saxon dynasty of German monarchs named after three of its kings and Holy Roman Emperors named Otto, especially it's first Emperor Otto I. Otto I succeeded in protecting Germans against Magyar invaders.
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On 14th October 1066, William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy defeated the last Anglo-Saxon king Harold II. He established the Norman Empire, divided all land of England in manors and established the feudal system and manoralism.
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Magna Carta is one of the most important documents in history as it established the principle that everyone is subject to the law, even the king, and guarantees the rights of individuals, the right to justice and the right to a fair trial.
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Northern Europe suffered the Great Famine in 1315 which went on till 1317. A big portion of the population died of hunger and diseases. During those days of famine, the crime rate increased to an extreme and there were too many incidences of cannibalism, rapes, and infanticides.
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The Hundred Years’ War began when the Kingdom of England waged war against the Kingdom of France. While there were many periods of peace and ceasefire between England and France during the period, however, this war was continued again and again in different conflicts till 1453.
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The Black Death proved to be the most threatening epidemic of the European Middle Ages that significantly weakened the feudal system and the Church of Europe. Huge masses of people died because of this plague and it badly reduced the economic and political power of the kingdoms of Europe.
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The East-West Schism is the break of communion since the 11th century between the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches. The schism was the culmination of theological and political differences which had developed during the preceding centuries between Eastern and Western Christianity.
