The Middle Ages

  • Sep 25, 1025

    End of the Crusades

    The Crusades were military campaigns sanctioned by the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. In 1095 Byzantine Emperor Alexios I, in Constantinople, sent an ambassador to Pope Urban II in Italy pleading for military help against the growing Turkish threat.
  • Sep 25, 1060

    William the Conqueror invades England

    William the Conqueror invades England
    The descendant of Viking raiders, he had been Duke of Normandy since 1035. After a long struggle to establish his power, by 1060 his hold on Normandy was secure, and he launched the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands and by difficulties with his eldest son.
  • Sep 24, 1150

    first mass-produced in Spain

    first mass-produced in Spain
    Five seminal steps in ancient Chinese papermaking outlined in a Han dynasty woodcut.
    Paper was invented in ancient China during the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) and spread slowly to the west via the Silk Road
  • Sep 25, 1215

    Magna Carta

    Magna Carta
    Magna Carta is a charter agreed by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.[a] First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peace between the unpopular King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons.
  • Sep 25, 1455

    War of the Roses

    War of the Roses
    The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. They were fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet, the houses of Lancaster and York.
  • Sep 25, 1483

    The Canterbury Tales

    The Canterbury Tales
    The Canterbury Tales of Caunterbury is a collection of over 20 stories written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century, during the time of the Hundred Years' War
  • Sep 25, 1485

    Le Morte d’Arthur

     Le Morte d’Arthur
    Le Morte d’Arthur is a compilation by Sir Thomas Malory of traditional tales about the legendary King Arthur, Guinevere, Lancelot, and the Knights of the Round Table.
  • Robin Hood in literature

    Robin Hood in literature
    Robin Hood is a heroic outlaw in English folklore who, according to legend, was a highly skilled archer and swordsman.
  • The Plague

    The Plague
    Plague is an infectious disease that is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. Depending on lung infection, or sanitary conditions, plague can be spread in the air, by direct contact, or very rarely by contaminated undercooked food.
  • Henry VII of England

    Henry VII of England
    Henry VII of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor.