The Middle Ages

  • •	1066-William the Conqueror invades England
    Sep 24, 1066

    • 1066-William the Conqueror invades England

    Claiming his right to the English throne, William, duke of Normandy, invades England at Pevensey on Britain’s southeast coast.
  • •	c. 1150 paper is first mass-produced in Spain
    Sep 24, 1150

    • c. 1150 paper is first mass-produced in Spain

    Papermaking and manufacturing in Europe was started by Muslims living on the Iberian Peninsula
  • •	1215-Magna Carta
    Sep 24, 1215

    • 1215-Magna Carta

    The document, essentially a peace treaty between John and his barons, guaranteed that the king would respect feudal rights and privileges, uphold the freedom of the church, and maintain the nation’s laws.
  • •	1270-end of the Crusades
    Sep 24, 1270

    • 1270-end of the Crusades

    The last major crusade aimed at the Holy Land, and a failure that well symbolises the end of the crusades.
  • •	1348-The Plague
    Sep 24, 1348

    • 1348-The Plague

    Black Death reached the shores of Italy in the spring of 1348 unleashing a rampage of death across Europe.
  • •	c. 1378 first appearance of Robin Hood in literature
    Sep 24, 1378

    • c. 1378 first appearance of Robin Hood in literature

    The opening quote from Langland’s Piers Plowman (c. 1377) is Robin’s first appearance in a text, be it literary or historical, and it is not a shining reference.
  • •	c. 1387 Chaucer writes The Canterbury Tales
    Sep 24, 1387

    • c. 1387 Chaucer writes The Canterbury Tales

    Chaucer was sent on diplomatic errands throughout Europe for his king. From all these activities, he gained the knowledge of society that made it possible to write The Canterbury Tales.
  • •	1455-1485-War of the Roses
    Sep 24, 1455

    • 1455-1485-War of the Roses

    The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic wars fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the houses of Lancaster and York (whose heraldic symbols were the "red" and the "white" rose, respectively) for the throne of England.
  • •	1485 first printing of Le Morte d’Arthur
    Sep 24, 1485

    • 1485 first printing of Le Morte d’Arthur

    Compilation by Sir Thomas Malory of traditional tales about the legendary King Arthur and his knights.
  • •	1485-First Tudor king, Henry VII, is crowned
    Sep 24, 1485

    • 1485-First Tudor king, Henry VII, is crowned

    It was truly through the defeat of Richard and the 'right of conquest' that Henry claimed the throne.He stopped the war of roses by getting married to Elizebeth of York.