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The Byzantine empire was created in 330. AD. Constaninople was the capital, and the language of the empire was Greek. The church split, the west was called Roman Catholic, and the east was called eastern Orthodox.
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Historians have many theories of how Rome fell, and one of the theories is the Germanic tribes conquring the city. The Germanic tribes were people from northern Europe, who were once allies with Rome . Some of these tribes where the Franks, the Goths, and the vandals. Romans traded merchendise with the tribes, and learned war skills from them. The Germanic tribes learned to use Greek and Roman letters to write their own language. When the Roman empire weakened, the tribes then turned on them.
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Feudalism in the middle ages was a social class to where the Church was the main power ( clergy), than the king, then the knights and nobals, and then the serfs. The knights gave the king homage, ( a type of respect.) The king gave the nobals and knights vassals, or pieces of land within the manor ( kingdom.)
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In his late 40's, muhammad had a vision of Gabriel the archangel who told him there is only one God who's name is Allah. Through that vision, Muhammad founded the Islamic religion and the Koran.
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In around 800 A.D, Scandinavians left their homelands to seek fortune elsewhere. They were willing to kill, and battle in many wars just for fortune. They wore horned helments and were filthy and unkept. Vikings in France became known as the Normans. Their new land was called normandy.
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In 800 A.D, Charlemagne was crowned king of the holy Roman empire. He was Germanic, and he was ruler over the Franks, a Germanic tribe. He was a(n) defender of Christianity, and he helped send money towards the christisn church and the Pope. He died in 814 A.D, on January 28th.
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In 1071, Seljuk Turks took over Jerusalem and stopped christians from visting there. Then in 1095, the pope, Urban the 2nd, told Christiand to go free the Holy land from the muslims ( Turks.) Thus the Crusades where born. The first of many Crusades was led by peter the Hermit. Later on, many other crusades were formed, some even using innocent children as soildiers, aka the childrens crusade of 1212.
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A guild is where a student learns a profession from lets say a black smith. The student can then someday be a professional blacksmith. A guild was like an aprrentice or a class.
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Saladin was a strong and wise man who won over the city of Jerusalem in 1189. The Crusades wanted Jerusalem and sent 3 strong men into battle. The first, German Emperor Frederick " accidentally" drowned, the second, king Philip was too sick to fight, and the third, King Richard the lion- hearted was the only one able to fight. King Richard then makes a 5 year truce.
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The king had alot of power. If he wanted to he could put a noble to death for no reason. So in 1215, the nobles and knights stood up to the king and made him sign the magna carta. The document basically gave the citizens more rights.
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The Ottoman empire took over the Holy land. They put an end to the Byzantine Empire and Contanstinople changes to Istanbul.
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Changes in the Middle ages occured due to the black plague, and the crusades, and much more. Some of these changes included farming, better weaponary, and more schooling.
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The ending of the middle ages was the beginning of the Renaissance. In the middle ages, people thought life wa hard, in the beginning of the Renissance, they started thinking differently about life. This new way of thinking was called Humanism. People now started to think of ways to live life happily.
