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As Muhammad meditated in the mountains, Muhammad saw that a divine figure appeared in front of him(Angel Gabriel) to announced that he is God's messanger.
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After threats of polytheistic people within Mecca, Muhammad and his followers exile to Medina to continue the spread of Islam.
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Muhammad died unexpectedly in the year 632 CE not living a caliph or succesor to rule the islamic region.
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Abu-Bakr was elected by the Islamic Muslims in the region to become the first caliph.
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The split of Sunni and Shi'a groups happened a little bit after Muhammad's death because Muhammad did not named a succesor to take over.
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Ali was chosen as the fourth caliph by the Shi'a group and was killed in battle in 661 CE along with more people.
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Ummayad dynasty went from 661-750 ruled by Mu-awiya, in which time more knowledge was found such as art and science.
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The Ummayad dynasty fell due to undecisions of who will be the next caliph along with arguments between Sunni and Shi'a people.
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After capturing Damascu in 750, the leader moved the capital to Baghdad.
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The leader of this reign was Abu al-Abbas who was supported by the non-Arab Muslims. During the reign, the Muslim civilization fluorished.
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First Crusade was initiated by the Roman Catholics, which main purpose was to obtained the Holy land but where Muslims and Jews were killed in the way.
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The Abbasid fell due to invasions of the Shiites adding more troubles to the region until its total decline.
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The House of Wisdom was created by the Abbasid court due to their interestings in medical and scientific knowledge.
