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The British Empire began when England and Scotland became seprarate kingdoms.
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A latecomer to overseas colonisation.England had been engaged in a form of domestic colonisation.
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At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's trade with Asia.
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Dutch William of Orange ascended the English throne, bringing peace between the Netherlands and England.
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Spain lost its empire in Europe, it kept its empire in the Americas and the Philippines, it was weakened as a power.
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The loss of the American colonies marked the end of the "first British Empire"because of resentment of the British Parliament's ability to tax American colonists without their consent
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Britain was challenged by France under Napoleon, in a struggle that represented a contest of ideologies between the two nations.
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In 1902 the United Kingdom completed its takeover of what is today South Africa.
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The aftermath of World War I saw the last major extension of British rule, with the United Kingdom gaining control.
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The United Kingdom's declaration of hostilities against Germany in September 1939 did not automatically commit the Dominions.