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BORN
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered to be the first microbioligist and contributed to the advancment of microscopes, He excelled at lens grinding and achieved magnifications up to 500 times lifesize.
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Francesco Redi was an Italian physician, naturalist, and poet. He was the first scientist to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies
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Edward Jenner, was an English physician and scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. He is often called "the father of immunology", and his work is said to have "saved more lives than the work of any other human".
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John Snow, who proposed a theory that a ‘miasma’ or cloud of infection could explain how cholera epidemic in London in the 1850s could spread. He thought that the invisible force got into the water and was spread as people used water contaminated with sewage for drinking and cooking. During the latter part of the 19th century, the theory was widely accepted and better sewerage and water systems were introduced, and more sanitary methods became usual in hospitals.
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Germ theory.
Semmelweis discovered that the incidence of puerperal fever could be drastically cut by the use of hand disinfection in obstetrical clinics. Puerperal fever was common in mid-19th-century hospitals and often fatal, with mortality at 10%–35%. Semmelweis proposed the practice of washing with chlorinated lime solution. results where hand-washing reduced mortality to below 1%. -
Pasteur's hypothesis was that if cells could arise from nonlivingPasteur showed that microorganisms grew in broth in a sealed tube, but no growth or spoiling of the broth occurred if it was boiled first. Boiling killed the bacteria and other microorganisms and the process of boiling to keep food fresh is still called pasteurisation.
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Joseph Lister developed antiseptics and showed that their use in operations could prevent the many infections seen in early surgery.
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Robert Koch demonstrated that the disease anthrax was caused by a bacterium. His basic criteria that proved the germ theory are now called Koch’s postulates and are still used today as a check list for proving that an infectious organism actually causes a specific disease
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Alexander fleming discovered the first antibiotic or 'bacteria killer' and revolutionised the world of medecine.
