-
Period: to
opium war
their was an open clash between the british and the chinese. -
Period: to
extraterritorial rights
rights provided exemption from chinese law at four chinese ports besides guangzhou. -
Period: to
open door policy
china's doors be open to merchants of all nation. -
Period: to
boxer rebellion
their campaign against the Dowager Empress's rule and foreigner privilege. -
Period: to
the beginnings of reform
they annouced that it would be establish a full constitutional government by 1917