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Around 1816, Shaka, chief of the Zulu tribe, used his highly disciplined warriors to unite the various tribes of southern Africa and create a unified, centralized state.
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During the 1830's, thousands of Boers moved northwards to escape the British in the south, and ended up clashing with native Zulus.
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Between the 1860s and 1880s, mass discoveries of gold and diamonds led to mass influxes of Europeans seeking riches.
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Clashes between the Boers and masses of immigrating British led to the flaring of the Boer War, which ultimately ended in a Birtish victory and English control of South Africa.