-
10,000 BCE
Stone Age
-Divided into the Paleolithic(old stone age), Mesolithic(middle stone age), and Neolithic(new stone age) -
8000 BCE
Neolithic Revolution
-Hunter gatherers began to settle down into villages
-They began to farm and domesticate animals -
8000 BCE
Ancient Greece
-8000-30 BCE
-Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
-Athens vs Sparta
-Alexander the Great -
7400 BCE
Catalhoyuk
-7,500-5,700 BCE -
7200 BCE
Faiyum
-7,200-4,000 BCE -
7000 BCE
Farming Emerges
-Pakistan, China, New Guinea, Catalhouyek, Turkey -
4500 BCE
Mesopotamia
-Land between the rivers
-Settled around 4,500 BCE -
4500 BCE
Mesopotamia- Sumerian Empire
-4,500-1,900 BCE -
4000 BCE
Fertile Crescent
-4,000-1,750 BCE
-This area becomes fertile when the rivers flood and make the soil good for planting -
3100 BCE
Egyptian Empire
-3,100- 30 BCE
-Lasted 4000 years
-Khufu(4,600 years ago)-Built the Great Pyramid
-Hatshepsut(1508-1458 BCE)- Longest reigning queen, reigned for more than 20 years
-Akhenaten(1352-1336 BCE)-Father of King Tut
-Tutankhamun(1332-1323 BCE)
-Nefertiti(1353-1336 BCE)
-Hyksos Expulsion( 1650 BCE)
-Cleopatra VII was the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt -
2600 BCE
Mohenjo Daro/ Harappa
-Part of the Indus River Valley
-the city flourished in 2,600-1,900 BCE -
2300 BCE
Mesopotamia- Babylonian Empire
-2,300-539 BCE
-Hammurabi became King of Babylon in 1792 BCE and defeated all of the Sumerian city states -
2000 BCE
The Mayan Empire
-established in 2000 BCE
-art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems
-reached highest state of development around 250 CE-900 CE -
1600 BCE
Mycinians
-1600-1450 BCE
-Mycinians attack the city of Troy with the Trojan Horse -
1100 BCE
The Greek Dark Ages
-1100-750 BCE -
770 BCE
Yangtze River Valley
-770-476 BCE -
550 BCE
Mesopotamia- Persian Empire
-550-334 BCE
-Cyrus the Great of Persia defeated the Babylonians in 539 BCE -
500 BCE
Mound Builders
-500 BCE-1000 CE
-mounds were built in North America
-they served as burial mounds, temple mounds, or platforms for religious structures -
226 BCE
Palenque
-Mayan city in Southern Mexico
-226 BCE-799 CE -
100 BCE
Teotihuacan
-Aztec city near modern day Mexico City
-100 BCE-1521 CE -
455
Dark Ages
-455 CE-1492 CE
-only happened in Europe
-almost a complete loss of education
-no building
-no progress
-the plague helped end it -
455
Fall of Rome
-Visgoths invaded Rome and sacked the city in 410 CE
-Vandals invaded Rome and sacked the city in 455 CE
-Rome had been declining for 150 years -
550
Mesa Verde
-southwest Colorado
-ancestral Pueblo people
-550 CE-1200 CE
-the built villages of stone under overhanging cliffs -
570
Muhammad
-born in Mecca in 570 CE
-he was the prophet of Islam
-in 630 CE, he and his followers seized the city of Mecca and made it the shrine of Islam
-he died in 632 CE -
732
Battle of Tours
-Moors in France -
793
Vikings
-793-1066 CE
-wanted to find money and land
-first invaded Britain in 793 CE and last invaded in 1066 CE -
800
Charlemagne
-first emperor to rule Western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire
-the height of his power in 800 CE
-called the "Father of Europe"
-he died in 814 CE -
950
The Quepoa
-came to the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica
-about 950 CE -
1095
The Crusades
-1095-1270 CE
-Pope wanted to take the Holy Land back from the Empire of Islam -
1100
Chan Chan
-Peru
-1100-1470 CE -
1300
The Aztecs
-were wanderers
-migrated from south to central Mexico
-settled in central Mexico
-founded capital city in about 1325 CE
-by 1426 CE they achieved supremacy in the area -
1300
The Incas
-the Incas founded their capital city of Cuzco in 1300 CE
-ruled over most of Peru and parts of Chile, Ecuador, Bolivia and northwest Argentina
-empire continued until about 1520 -
1346
The Black Plague
-1346-1353 CE
-10 years to cross Asia
-in 1349 it crosses Europe
-kills over 50 million people in Asia and Europe in 14 years -
1440
Renaissance
-means "rebirth"
-de Medici family(produced 4 Popes of the Catholic church, discovered artists and geniuses)
-began in Florence
-rise of the arts(architecture, performing arts, and visual arts)
-rise of learning
-rise of capitalism
-increase in trade and commerce -
1478
Spanish Inquisition
-
1492
Columbus' First Voyage
-spurred exploration -
1500
The Columbian Exchange
-1500s
-Spain, Portugal, France, and England sent explorers to the New World
-exchange of food, plants, animals, and illnesses -
1517
The Reformation
-Martin Luther posted his list of 95 complaints about the activities of the Catholic Church -
Aug 28, 1565
St Augustine, Florida
-first and oldest permanent settlement in the New World -
Roanoke-1st Attempt
-117 soldiers and noblemen
-wanted to find gold
-they took 2 of their native guides back to England -
Roanoke-2nd Attempt
-"bad luck voyage"
-brought the 2 native guides back
-again it was mainly soldiers wanting to find gold
-in 1856 they abandoned the colony -
Roanoke-3rd Attempt
-families started to come
-showed up too late to plant crops
-John White went back to England to get supplies but England was at war so the ship was detained for 3 years
-when John White returned to Roanoke in 1590 the colony was abandoned -
Jamestown, Virginia
-created in 1607
-abandoned by the colonists in 1610 -
First Slaves in America
-first documented slaves were in Jamestown, Virginia
-in 1619
-they were indentured servants for 7-14 years and then they would get freed
-people started "owning" slaves in the 1650s -
Plymouth
-founded in 1621
-Puritan Separatists
-merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691 -
Pennsylvania
-founded by William Penn -
Salem
-witch trials between Feb 1692 and May 1693 -
Carolina Splits
-Carolina splits into North Carolina and South Carolina -
French and Indian War
-the American part of the Seven Years War that was going on in Europe
-the war began in 1754 and ended in 1763 when the colonies became all British -
Boston Massacre
-began the Revolution -
Boston Tea Party
-dumped the tea into Boston harbor because they were mad about the taxation -
First Continental Congress
-meeting of delegates from the colonies -
The Second Continental Congress
-selected George Washington as the commander of the colonial army -
Revolutionary War
-battles of Lexington and Concord began the war on April 19,1775 -
Battle of Bunker Hill
-George Washington's armies first battle
-British lost more than 40% of their force -
Battle of Saratoga
-Washington victory -
Winter at Valley Forge
-in Pennsylvania
-1777-1778 -
Battle of Yorktown
-The British were surrounded and then surrendered -
Articles of Confederation
-passed by The Continental Congress in 1781 -
United States Constiution
-signed in 1787
-became law in 18788
-three branches(executive, legislative, and judicial) that all work together -
Cotton Gin
-invented by Eli Whitney
-helped remove seeds from cotton -
The Louisiana Purchase
-large territory bought from France -
Lewis and Clark Expedition
-1804-1806
-Lewis, Clark, 21 soldiers, 18 rivermen, an interpreter, Clark's slave, and a dog =43 men total
-reached the Pacific Ocean in November 1805 -
War of 1812
-James Madison was the president
-United States declared war on the British
-White House was burned
-Star Spangled Banner was written
-Treaty of Ghent ended the war on December 24, 1814 -
Missouri Compromise of 1820
-Missouri wanted to join the Union
-it upset the balance of free states and slave states -
Indian Removal Act
-signed by Andrew Jackson
-moved then to "Indian Territory" in present day Oklahoma
-1830-1839 -
Trail of Tears
-the Choctaw were removed from their land
-winter of 1831 -
Creeks forced to "Indian Territory"
-Creeks were forced of their land
-3,500 of the 15,000 Creeks didn't survive the trip -
The Gold Rush
-1845-1855
-California
-about 300,000 people rushed to California
-very few got rich -
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
-every state decides if they are going to be free or slave
-called it popular soverignty -
Harpers Ferry
-Harpers Ferry, Virginia
-John Brown wanted to start a slave revolt but was hung -
Abraham Lincoln Became President
-a catalyst for the start of the Civil War -
The Civil War
-1861-1865
-650,000 died
-slaves were freed -
Fort Sumter
-the event that triggered the war -
First Bull Run
-first battle of the war
-southern victory -
Homestead Act of 1862
-who gets to own land in the west
-how to get land in the west
-many immigrants from Europe came to get their own land -
Shiloh
-13,000 Union troops died
-11,000 Confederate troops died -
Chattanooga/Chickamauga
-tried to starve out the Union Army but Grant arrived and sent in supplies
-Sept-Nov 1863 -
Turning Point in the Civil War
-Vicksburg surrendered
-Lee tried to attack North at Gettysburg
-big win for the North -
March to the Sea
-began in March of 1864
-a chain of battles
-organized by Sherman
-Battle for Atlanta was a big battle on Sept 1, 1864 -
Appomattox
-April 7-Lee's troops were surrounded by Grant's troops and Lee surrendered
-April 9-they met at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia and Lee officially surrendered -
Reconstruction
-1865-1877
-Lincoln died and Andrew Johnson became president
-"black codes" were introduced -
Civil War Ended
-resistance collapsed and the war ended -
Radical Reconstruction
-gave former slaves rights -
Jim Crow
-legal racial segregation
-"separate but equal"