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Great Britain finished building the Suez Canal, a choke point, in Egypt on 1869 that connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea making trade with Africa easier.
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European imperialism began in Africa as they saw the area as a good source for natural resources used in the growing Industrial revolution.
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European countries wanted to avoid conflict over African territoriality so they held a conference to split up Africa to please all the countries.
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African nations, influence by self-determination and weakened European economies due to WWII, started independence movements during this period.