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BOSTON TEA PARTY
Attack from the american traders to the British ships loaded with tea in the Boston harbour, throwing the tea from the ships to the sea. -
TEA ACT
Was a law promoted by the English parlament which give to the English East India Company the monopoly on the sale of tea in colonies -
War with Britain
It was a war that pitted the original Thirteen British Colonies in North America against the Kingdom of Britain ending withn the British defeat in the Battle of Yorktown. Britain recognised the United States as an independent nation in the Treaty of Versailles. -
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
Event leaded by the thirteen colonies of America met in the Continental Congress of Philadelphia, to seattle their new political system. -
Battle of Saratoga
It was one of the most important battles fought during the course of the American Revolutionary War in Saratoga. It outcome played a major role in deciding the final outcome of the war in favour of the Continental Army. -
BATTLE OF YORKTOWN.
Battle during the war of American independence, that led to the beggining of negotiations between the British and the Americans. -
Treaty of Versailles
It was the set of treaties that ended the American Revolutionary War. Representatives of King Louis XVI of France and King Charles III of Spain signed the Treaty of Versailles. -
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
Was the first constitution ever, which was signed in 1787. It established National sovereignty and separation of rights. -
THE OUTBREAK OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
In 1789 lots of revolutions and remarcable things happened:
- French Revolution: Radical period of change in power, and french society. It started because of the bad living conditions imposed by the french king.
- National Assembly: Assembly form by the third estate because they consider they were frech representatives. -
Opposition to the constitutional monarchy
-Legislative Assembly: It was formed in October of 1791, and France now had a constitutional monarchy. This assembly lasted for less than a year and favoured to attract much support.
-There was fierce opposition from the nobility and the clergy, who did not want to give up their privileged.
-Other groups believed that the reforms did not go far enough. These radical revolutionaries were supported by sans culottes. -
FRENCH REPUBLIC
During 1793 some important events took place.
- Marie Antoinette was ejecuted
-Reign of Terror appered: it was a period of dictatorship in wch Robespierre ruled. In rder to this period Committe of Public Safety was established, it was a tribunal that execute every person acussed to oppose the republic. -
JACOBIN CONVENTION
In 1794 France prohibited slavery following American´s example ( however it only lasted until 1802 )
Also on the 27th of June Jacobins were defeated and with them Robespierre -
END OF JACOBIN CONVENTION
In 1795 a enconomical crisis affected the country leading with the uprising of Sans-Culottes because of hunger.
A new constitution was creatted which established limited suffrage based on property ownership. -
DIRECTORY IN 1796
In 1796 lots of things happened:
- Radiclas conspired against goverment: The Conspiracy of the Equals was a plot to overthrown goverment and establishe egalitarian society.
- Royalists: Led revolts with the aim of restouring Bourbon dynasty
- Napoleon Bonaparte conquered most of Italy
- A consulate was created but in fact the real ruler of France was Napoleon. -
Coup of 18 Fructidor
The Coup of 18 was a seizure of power in France by members of the Directory, the government of the French First Republic, with support from the French military. The coup was provoked by the results of elections held months earlier, which had given the majority of seats in the country's Corps législatif to royalist candidates, threatening a restoration of the monarchy and a return to the ancien régime -
Napoleon's coup
The Coup d'état of 18 Brumaire brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of France. It ended the French Revolution and led to the Coronation of Napoleon as Emperor. This bloodless coup d'état overthrew the Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate. -
Napoleon consul for life
In 1802, Napoleon became consul for life on the results of the plebiscite. Although Napoleon´s arrival in power marked the end of the French Revolution, some Napoleonic reforms consolidated changes of the revolutionary period:
-Concordat of 1801: Maintained state control over the Church and confiscated Church lands weren´t returned. The clergy was allowed to resume religious worship.
-Napoleonic code: Prohibited certain priviledges, allowed freedom of religion and simplified the range of laws. -
Napoleon is proclaimed Emperor/ Napoleonic code
Napoleon proclaimed himself Emperor of the french. Under his expansionist policy, France was constantly at war with other countries.
The Napoleonic Code was created on March 21,1804 and was a legal code that prohibited certain priviledges, allowed freedom of religion, and simplified the range of laws that had existed before the Revolution. -
Battle of Trafalgar and Austerlitz
The Battle of Trafalgar was one of the most famous naval battles in British history. Nelson led Britain to victory over a combined French and Spanish fleet, but was shot and died during the battle.
Although Napoleon was defeated by the British at sea in this battle, he conquered many parts of the European continent in only a few years. Napoleon won notable victories against the Austrians in the Battle of Austerlitz on December 2, 1805. -
Battle of Jena/ Continental Blockade
The Battle of Jena was a military engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, fought between 122 thousand French trops and 114 thousand Prusians and Saxons. In the battle, Napoleon smashed the outdated Prusian army inherited from Frederick II.
Britain was now France´s main enemy, and the Continental Blockade on November 21, 1806 was an attempt to stop British trade in Europe. The Portuguese did not accept this, so Napoleon invaded Portugal. -
The Spanish War of Independence
In Spain,many people considered that Joseph,who became José I,was not the legimate monarch.This led to a popular uprising on 2nd May 1808 in Madrid,followed by further uprisings across Spain.This led the beginnig of The Spanish War of Independence.The Spanish population divided into afrancesados,who recognised José I as king,and fernandinos,who were loyal to Fernando VII. -
Napoleon Invades Russia
The Napoleonic invasion of Russia,also called the invasion of the Russian Empire,led by Napoleon in 1812,was a turning point in the course of the Napoleonic Wars.The campaign reduced the French and Allied invasion forces to less than twenty percent of their initial strenght. -
Battle of Leizpig
The Battle of Leizpig,also known as the Battle of Nations,was a foughtfrom 16 to 19 of October 1813 at Leizpig,Saxony.The Coalition armies of Austria,Prussia,Sweden, and Russia,decisively defeated Napoleon. -
The Hundred Days Empire/Battle of Waterloo
When Napoleon abdicated in 1814 he went into exile.He returned to power for a hundred days.On June 18, 1815, the French army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated by the British and Prussian armies in the War of Waterloo. The defeat ended the 23-year war between France and the allied European states. -
REVOLUTIONS 1820 AND 1830 ( SPAIN 1820-1823 )
In Spain there was a period of liberal goverment in Spain between 1820 to 1823 following military uprising against the absolute monarchy of Fernando VII. -
Pronunciamiento led by Riego. Fernando VII swears by the Constitution of 1812.
In 1820, Colonel Rafael del Riego led a succesful liberal pronunciamiento that brought back the Constitution of 1812. The king was forced to swear by the Constitution, free imprisoned liberals and called Parliament. The reforms introduced by the Parliament of Cadiz were restored. -
REVOLUTIONS 1820-1830 ( GREECE 1821-1829 )
The Greeks revolted successfully against the Ottoman Empire during Greek War of Independence between 1821-1829. -
Absolutist urprisings in Valencia and Catalonia
In 1822,a national militar urprisings in the cities of Valencia and Catalonia,they want to defend the SpanishConstitution of absolutism of King Ferdinand VII. -
The Hundred Thousands Sons of Saint Louis and Riego is executed
During the liberal goverment there were several absolutist coup attempts,supported by the king or other countries.In 1823,the Holy Alliance sent a large army known as The Houndred Thousand Sons of Sant Louis to Spain,and Fernando VII was restored as an absolute monarch.
Del Riego was executed because he want a constitutionalist king,but this dont agreed King Ferdinand,so he led to executed him. -
REVOLUTIONS OF 1820-1830 ( BELGIUM 1830-1831)
An uprising in the kingdom of Nertherlands led to the creation of the new sate in Belgium -
REVOLUTIONS OFN 1820-1830 ( FRANCE 1830 )
Absolutist monarch Chales X was deposed and replaced by Louis Philipe of Orleans, who was more liberal. -
REVOLUTIONS OF 1820-1830 ( POLAND 1831)
There was an uprising against the Russian Empire but this was severely repressed. -
The Revolution of France in (1848-1852)
-France: The monarchy of King Louis Phillipe had become conservative and corrupt. In February 1848, the king deposed and the Second French Republic was created. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was elected president. He became increasingly authoritarian and declared himself Emperor of the Second French Empire in 1852. -
The Revolution of Germany in (1848-1849)
-Germany: Demonstrations in cities called for German national unity and liberal reforms guaranteeing individual liberties. -
The Revolution of the Habsburg Empire (1848-1849)
-The Habsburg Empire: There were many different nationalities in the territories ruled by the Austrian Habsburg, and a national movement in Hungary fought for independence. This revolution ends in July 1849. -
Progressive Biennium
the history of Spain, the bienio progresista "Progressive Biennium" was the two-year period from July 1854 to July 1856, during which the Progressive Party attempted to reform the political system of the reign of Isabella II which had been dominated by the Moderate Party since 1843 in the so-called década moderada. -
PROVISIONAL GOVERMENT ( GLORIOUS REVOLUTION )
The Glorious Revolution was a pronunciamiento led by Generals serrano and Prim in order to depose Isabel II. They forced the queen to leave Spain which lead to the biginning of a democratic period called Sexenio Democrático. -
PROVISIONAL GOVERMENT ( CONSTITUTION 1869 )
In 1868 after the Glorious Revolution a provisional goverment was formed by Serrano, who called elctions for a Constituent Parliament. This parliament passed the democratic Constitution of 1869, which contained a declaration of rights and recognised universal male suffrage -
PROVISIONAL GOVERMENT ( AMADEO I OF SPAIN )
After Constitution of 1869 was established, the monarchy was mainteined and Spai´s democratic parliament elected Amade of Savoy as a constitutional moarch in 1871. However Amadeo´s election coinceded with the assesination of his main supporter Prim. Nervertheless he manage tu rule Spain until 1873 -
Amadeo I abdicates. First Spanish Republic. Cantonal Revolution.
Amadeo I faced problems on all sides, and as a foreigner, he was rejected by much of the population. In the face of opposition from monarchies, republicans and the Church, he abdicated in 1873.
Cantonal Revolution: Cantonalism was a radical version of federalism proposing the transformation of Spain into a federal republic made up of separate states (or cantons). -
Pavia´s coup. Uprising led by Martinez Campos.
There were two pronunciamientos in 1874; firstly, when Parliament was dissolved ; and secondly, when general Martinez Campos restored the Bourbon Dynasty ledding an uprising.
The Pavia´s coup was a military coup initiated by general Manuel Pavia on January 3, 1847 during the First Spanish Republic which made the transition from the young republic of a democratic government to an authoritarian regime.
